As others have said, a jammed prop and resultant engine stall should not result in a blown fuse.
However, and this is just a guess, if you tried to restart the engine after the stall and you did not put the transmission in neutral and the prop was still jammed I suppose that could have blown a fuse somewhere while the starter was trying to crank the engine but could not because of the jam.
I know my Universal M-18 has a fuse in the starter wire.
Separately, Davidasailor said "There’s probably also no fuse at all between the engine and the batteries". That's probably true but that doesn't mean there shouldn't be. See mainesail's articles at marinehowto.com about battery bank fusing:
Battery Banks & Over-Current Protection A 300A (MRBF)Battery Terminal Mounted Fuse by Blue Sea Systems In this article we will discuss fuse selection, fuse types, wire ampacity, Amperage Interrupt Capacity (AIC) and even potentially unsafe ABYC “exceptions to the rules”. In short,
marinehowto.com
Make a contribution if you can. If you are unfamiliar with the articles there it is probably some of the best free advice you can find.