The iPad or iPhone has no clue whether it is connected to a 12V source or to a 120V source as they charge on DC anyway.
They charge at 5.0 - 5.2V and require 2.1A - 2.4A at 5.0 - 5.2V for optimal charging speed.... Most 12V car adapters, until very recently, did not put out 2.1A - 2.4A. Most put out 1.0A max and were intended for iPhones not iPads. A charge source that has less than about 1.5A may not even keep up with the iPad when it is operational or at best take 20+ hours to charge.
The current iPads ship with a 5.2V X 2.4A 120V AC to DC wall charger. If you want the same speed as this then you'll need to match those specs on a 12V cigarette style USB char charger. Using an inverter is very a inefficient way to charge DC devices. It can actually make your charging upwards of 35 - 40% less energy efficient.
Here's an example of a 12V 2.4A capable USB car charger for an iPad.
Anker Dual 2.4A USB Charger
FWIW I run my iPad with data and WiFi turned off. The GPS works fine but seems far slower to update position than a standard plotter or HH GPS...The Garmin or other external GPS units seem to provide faster accuracy & updating (I am sure accuracy is close or the same but the speed it updates throws me for a loop)...
I've had the chance to do a number of side by sides with a dedicated GPS and my iPad. The dedicated GPS is very fast to update even at car speeds. My Android phones GPS also seems far faster to update than my iPads internal GPS...
Using wifi and data here in Maine is all but useless so one needs to be prepared to not depend on it. I would not personally want to depend on the internal GPS on my iPad
. Bad Elf, now Garmin and others such as Dual have external plug in or BT GPS devices...