Circulation is not a force, but a description of an air flow that must be added to the two linear flows on the top and bottom of the foil/ sail to completely solve the flow equations. The principle physical impact of the circulation is the generation of vortices that are shed from the end/head of the wing/sail where they contribute to drag. High aspect ratio wings/sails (long/high and skinny) are more efficient because they reduce the relative influence of the tip vortices to the rest of the wing/sail.
The physical equations for the terms are:
Force = Mass times Acceleration;
Work = Force times Distance;
Energy is the ability to do Work; (the wind has the energy to do work on our boat, applying a force (lift) that moves us over a distance against the resistance of the water.)
Power = Energy/Work per unit of Time.
The physical equations for the terms are:
Force = Mass times Acceleration;
Work = Force times Distance;
Energy is the ability to do Work; (the wind has the energy to do work on our boat, applying a force (lift) that moves us over a distance against the resistance of the water.)
Power = Energy/Work per unit of Time.