To me, that that appears to be the obvious problem.View attachment 215664
Above is an enlarged section of the OP's photo. Notice the relative uniform shape of the dark areas and how the white gelcoat fades away to the dark area. Also notice the white streaks in some of the dark area. The dark areas are all in the valleys.
Thus far, no one has reported success at removing these kinds of dark spots, because it is not dirt, it not mold, is the fiberglass under the gelcoat. Gelcoat is sprayed into the mold when the deck is built and it is not an entirely uniform thickness, thus, some areas under the nonskid are a little thinner or thicker than other areas. After 30 years of scrubbing, the thin layers wear out. The gelcoat is thinnest under the valleys in the non-skid.
There is no easy fix, all will require standing the non-skid smooth and adding new nonskid. There are options that range from gluing on a rubberized non skid, a one part fix like Kiwi Grip, painting and adding grit like Soft Sand, or using gelcoat and Gibco Flex mold. The other option is just learning to live with it as it is.
Wish there was a more optimistic solution. One thing for certain, more aggressive scrubbing will only make it worse.
Do not use an abrasive or acidic cleaner. That will just serve to wear down the gel coat. If it was mold or dirt or something else like that a stiff brush, some non abrasive cleaner and elbow grease would do the trick.
This implies that painting would require sanding off the non-skid. Is there a way to paint over the existing non-skid without removing it? Maybe using an abrasive cleaner, some wax remover / degreaser and then a couple of relatively thin coats of appropriate paint and some small grit?There is no easy fix, all will require standing the non-skid smooth and adding new nonskid. There are options that range from gluing on a rubberized non skid, a one part fix like Kiwi Grip, painting and adding grit like Soft Sand, or using gelcoat and Gibco Flex mold. The other option is just learning to live with it as it is.