Thank you Joe. I just looked to make sure. First, this basically is a plastic boat which there is a plastic sheet molded over construction foam and if there was access to the back, it would then have a couple of layers of fiberglass impregnated with is as regular resin/hardner would adversely affect plastics and foam. In this case, there is no layer of fiberglass. Behind it is a marine ply encapsulated. Joe is correct that the swivel cam cleat is an add on and if stepped on, used in swiveling to include up and down pressures and so forth only puts too much leverage.
I too would suggest the next size screw being careful not to overtighten as Joe suggested. If that does not work, repositioning slightly with new screws and filling in with caulk for example 5200 in this application. I would remove the swivel cam cleat and going back with the original hardware. If you do want to keep that, another thought is to drill to the other side using long stainless steel bolts with a stainless steel backing plate. As for the nuts, I would use nylon to help prevent from backing out along with lock washers. I would again use 5200 but you would have to slightly scratch the surface and clean off with alcohol and when screwing down be carefull not to overtighten. Never use acetone on this boat due to plastics, Also do not allow the bolt head to extend beyond the nut. Before going this route first is to see if you can find the correct long enough bolts. West Marine use to carry a good supply but Fastenal may be another source. Others may chime in here as to where to look as well. That pretty much sums it up. Keep us posted as to what you want to do.