Here's a guess (but check the CD player installation manual).
I assume the black and yellow go directly to the battery (or bus in your panel) so that there is always 12V to the CD unit to keep its channel memory, etc., powered, even if the accessory switch is off. The red would likely go to the switch, allowing power to the amplifier, motors, etc. - check to see if it should be + or - (I would assume +). Does one have an in-line fuse? I would think anything tied directly should have a fuse on the pos wire.
You didn't say which of the black or white from the VHF panel switch cable is + or -. Also, do these voltages exist even if that accessory switch is turned off? If not (that is, the switch disconnects voltage from one pair), see which two are always hot (or just follow them back to your panel and see how they attach), and which ones are hot only when the switch is on, and note the polarity. I'd hook up the positive "always hot" wire to the yellow CD unit input wire, the negative "always hot" wire to the black CD input wire, and the positive (or whatever the CD manual says) "only hot when switch is on" to the red CD input wire. Just make sure you determine if the "accessory" wire into the CD is supposed to be pos or neg, and see if that one is supposed to be controlled by the switch.