One part paint is usually urethane and two part is usually epoxy but that is not a 100% rule. There are plenty of good quality urethane paints on the market but they are not a lot cheaper than an epoxy. A caution with epoxy, unless the epoxy has an added UV protection agent, it will chalk when exposed to UV light.
Most of the urethanes that I've been familiar with in auto paints are a 2 part in that you mix an activator with the urethane and usually a reducer that is formulated for the temps that you are painting at.
There are 'single stage' urethane and they also need to be mixed with an activator, but dry glossy which is why they are called single stage (they are still a 2 part paint).
Then there are 'two stage' urethanes and they also mix with an activator but go on dull. You use a clear coat urethane over those thus since you paint in two steps they are called 'two stage' and are also a 2 part paint.
Then if you get into metallics and pearls and other fancy stuff you can have even more stages.
I think some confusion comes with the terms "2 part" and
"2 stage". It the paint mixes with an activator/hardener it is 2 part (the reducer doesn't count).
Like you said most of the automotive epoxy primers I'm aware of are really good, but you don't want to leave the car exposed to the sun with them for extended periods for the reason you mentioned. Also you usually have to top coat those with other primers or paint within at least 1 week to get a good chemical bond between them and any subsequent coats of paint. If you get past the week you sand them and re-coat with more epoxy primer.
The above is true for automotive paints and there are so many different paints out there now, both auto and boat that before you start or buy you need to read the instruction sheets to make sure you understand the whole process. Done right and in the time tables specified you can get some really durable paints.
Also a warning. About any 2 part paint that requires an activator can be extremely dangerous to your health. If I'm painting these with a guy I use a supplied air mask that supplies me with air from outside the space I'm spraying in. You at least need a good charcoal filter and even those aren't really recommended any more. If you use one and smell paint it is time to replace the cartridge and once exposed to air the cartridge starts to go down hill. Painting a boat outside with one is probably going to be ok, but don't just use a dust mast. If the primers you use mix with an activator/hardner the same applies even though they are a primer.
Sum
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