Here's an easy, practical way...
...to find out. I'm assuming here that you do not intend to install it through the hull, instead you want to install it inside the boat and "shoot thru" the hull. Hook up your transducer/ display to power. Put the transducer in a ziploc bag with water in it. Put the bag on the deck in some test locations that you think may be where you want to mount the 'ducer. (In my Oday 22 I have it mounted inside the storage space under the starboard quarterberth, just outboard of the centerline. So the transducer and associated wiring are out of sight and not susceptible to foot traffic.) It may help to put just a little water on teh deck to get a good connection between the bag and the deck. Now turn on the transducer and see if you get a "reasonable" water depth reading. If you are on your mooring or slip, you should know the actual water depth. To mount the transducer, you can use silicone, wax, epoxy (probably best but you might have trouble replacing the transducer if it ever fails), a standpipe file with oil or water - there are lots of ways to do it. If you search Google you will find lots of articles. As far as placement, in genereal you want the 'ducer to be close to centerline so it doesn't come out of the water when you heel, not too far forward so it dowsn't come out od the water when you pitch over a wake or wave, and not where it will be affected by bubbles or obstructed by the centerboard or keel. Good discussion and lots of other info atthe included link - see below. Hope that helps!