Physics AND biology
And you were very clear in your original post.There is always air in a tank above the surface of the contents. Movement of any liquid in any container will displace air...so any motion of the boat--even slight rocking--will displace air in the tank, and the only place it has to go is out the vent. Your y-valve may be leaking toward the tank too, which could account for why you have more odor out the vent when flushing overboard...but there will always be a little caused just by the rocking of the boat.However, odor in the tank is NOT a given and can be prevented entirely. Odor is a product of ANAEROBIC (absence of oxygen) breakdown of organic material...it's only when waste or any other organic material breaks down anerobically that it can produce smelly gasses--hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide--and also methane, which is odorless, btw. When organic material breaks down AEROBICALLY (oxygenated), it converts entirely to CO2, which is odorless. Aerobic breakdown cannot produce anaerobic gasses. Swamps stink because they're stagnant...running streams don't because the fact that they run oxygenates the water. Compost piles must be regularly tossed to aerate them...otherwise they rot anaerobically and stink. Aerating open sewage treatment ponds prevent them from stinking. So oxygen is also the key to eliminating odor in holding tanks. How Odorlos works: The active ingredient in Odorlos is nitrates, which promote oxygen release from the waste itself...helping to create an aerobic environment. However, aerating the tank contents eliminates odor completely without the need for any tank product. But even Odorlos needs SOME oxygen via the tank vent to work...and it does exhaust itself, so must be added fairly frequently. But unless your tank gets no oxygen from vent, when Odorlos is used according to directions--NOT only just following pumpout, but between pumpouts as needed too--there should be -0- odor out the vent ANY time.You might want to check out the link below for more detail on this subject.