Standard through-hull
On my boat the galley sink through-hull is larger than the others (1-3/4" inner diameter). I assume that is to let food particles out without clogging the drain. Other than that it is a normal straight-though through-hull. The water will only come in as far as the waterline, again on my boat this is less than a couple of feet. The sink is several feet above the waterline. I imagine the venturi effect of moving in the water would actually suck out any water in the line while the boat is in motion.