Single handed docking a larger boat
Dec.12, 2000Dear Bill,It would be helpful to me in formulating a response to know exactly what your docking situation is now and what technique you are using. I note that Bill in his post is using a variation on setting up a breast line, Bob is effectively using a spring line and Jim recommends a cradle. All of these are good ideas for their situation, but what's yours?To answer Tom's query about docking a bigger boat single handed, I use this technique on The Legend, which is a Beneteau F456, and is 46' 7" LOA and displaces about 14 tonnes in its present cruising configuration.1) Size up the situation, in particular which way are the wind and tide running and which side will I dock on? ( In Point Roberts where we previously kept the boat docking involved a 90° turn to port followed immediately by a 90° turn to starboard, docking with the finger pier to port and another boat to starboard. There was not a lot of room for error.)2) Rig fenders. More is better. Fenders don't do any good sitting in a locker. I always kept one fender loose and handy to use as a rover if things went sideways.3) Rig all dock lines, bringing the forward spring line and aft spring line outside the lifelines to the departure point, ready for immediate use. We always have a breast line rigged from the center cleat of the boat, and it gets belayed first.4) Approach the dock at the slowest possible speed at which directional control can be maintained. Sail boats with their big rudders have a definite advantage over power boats in this department. Where possible I like to approach at a slight angle, using the boats prop wash to port in reverse to complete the lineup. On a starboard approach this means using the tiller to turn the boat at the last moment away from the dock and the prop wash to stop the boat and the turn just as it comes along side. On a port approach less tiller is required. I am frequently in nuetral on the approach and apply reverse to slow the boat further as I come in. I will jockey the transmisssion between forward and reverse at low speed to use the prop wash to help line up. The trick is not to loose all way and get blown off. When wind and tide are adverse judicious use of throttle and transmission are required. In teaching sailing I found that the number one error committed in docking is approaching the dock too fast. Remember the object of the exercise is to bring the boat to a dead stop before you step off the boat, not after. Even with wind and tide causing the boat to move if you bring it to a complete stop before you step off you will have enough time to belay the breast line and the most crucial spring line quickly and then can finish the job at leisure.5) The first line that should be belayed is always the breast line, lead from the center cleat of the boat to the nearest dock cleat. When all way is taken off the boat the breast line keeps the boat next to the dock and you can belay spring lines to stop the bow and stern from swinging out to the same cleat as the breast line initially. Whether it is a bow spring line or a stern spring line that is belayed first depends on which way the wind and tide are running. Obviously use the one that counters the motion first.The usual problem encountered with this technique is that the the dock cleat may not be conveniently placed immediately adjacent to the breast cleat. The breast line winds up acting as a short spring. In that case I still belay it first but take the spring line to the dock cleat that will do the most good immediately. Often that is the same dock cleat as the brest line, but not always. If wind and tide are on the bow that means the stern spring gets tied after the breast line and vice versa if the "push" is from the stern. I must stress that every single hander I have met with a boat over 40 feet long prefers to attach the breast line first. Having said that, I have on occasion when docking completely under sail used a forward spring line to take the final way off the boat by catching two horns on a cleat or taking a single wrap around a piling and using the friction to stop the boat's forward motion. I have seldom found it necessary to do this when under motor however. Once the breast line and the most crucial spring line are attached the rest can usually proceed at leisure. I do not use the engine to move the boat once the first two lines are belayed to the pier because I have found that even She Who Must Be Obeyed can usually muscle The Legend around.If your habitual docking pier does not have a cleat that lines up conveniently with the breast cleat of the boat I would seriously suggest adding one. They are a great convenience, especially when single handed.With all of that said, there is no answer that is entirely correct in every situation without fail, all of the time. Different docking situations may require different technigues. Obviously using a breast line will not work where you are docking bow -to with the stern tied off to posts, for example. Let's not forget that ultimately the correct answer is not a dogmatic one but rather, what works for you is in fact what works for you, and it pays to be flexible. Hope this is of some help.Brian Pickton@BeneteauOwners.netAboard The Legend, Rodney Bay, St. Lucia