Back when I was a teen working on the old sailing vessels of those days we would use a holy stone or griddle block to "sand" the teak decks once a month. Then we use a mix of linseed oil and turpentine on the wood. Of course those were real teak decks, inches thick, not this esthetic stuff put on boats today.
My first big boat, a Phil Rhodes cutter, had real teak decks and we used snappy teak a couple of times a year. I saw no indication of degradation to the caulking, wood or fastenings (though they were plugged) in the time I owned her.
I've also used it on numerous motor yachts and sport fishing boats w/o any apparent degradation, but as I stated, it must be used according to directions and care taken not to allow it to get on surfaces it shouldn't.
There are a number of products, not the least of which is muriatic acid, that are quite useful for some jobs on a boat, but must be used with care and attention to their danger or negative side affects.