That isn’t an actual knob.
I see what you mean about the knob. Can't see any use for it so most likely a requirement in the original casting process.
The hose clamp you are referring to actually (securely) holds a splash guard in place
Yes, no, maybe. If you never do a stitch of maintenance on your boat and water from the gland flies everywhere, I suppose it's a good idea. IMO if you never do a stitch of maintenance, you shouldn't own a boat in the first place.
I think it far better to do the maintenance and avoid such contraptions.
Also, if we wanted to open it up to check the packing, even though it was replaced only a year ago and has barely any hours since then (likely only needing to be tightened) would there be any issue with that, or should you not really do that unless you plan on changing the packing altogether?
Tightening the gland nut is something that is done periodically. After your mechanic first packed it, it would have probably needed snugging after 5-10 running hours. Unless you are an OCD whacko like myself, snug it so as to get one drop of water every 1-2 minutes. I run my packing cold and bone dry but that's another matter. Tighten the nut only 1/2 a flat at a time and then run to see how it drips.
Is there as best way to clean these bronze parts up?
About the only way to clean this is with a brass bristly wire brush. Steel bristles will make a red oxide mess and SS bristles may make matters worse. Remember when you start, always aim for 100% perfection and then accept whatever sh!t you've got when you're finished
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Start by snugging the gland until it JUST stops leaking and no more. After it's brushed as clean as it's going to get, wash it off and then dry it with a hair dryer or heat gun. Now the most important part, apply something that's going to prevent water and air from getting to the brass FOR MAYBE THE NEXT YEAR AT BEST. I use something called Fluid Film.
If you can't find that , coat the gland with SYNTHETIC (ONLY) grease. Avoid getting anything on the rubber tube. Also make sure you get synthetic grease inside the packing nut and on the threaded portion of the tube and retaining nut to avoid a hernia next time you adjust the gland nut
. Keeping it clean is such a hopeless task that even I don't bother doing it except maybe every 5 years at most (and that's doubtful). Condensation on the cold bronze always seems to mess it up.