We had the same problem, where the board that the ladder clamps screw onto has water damage on the right bottom corner. My leak was due to the water seeping through the bottom piece of wood of the companionway. Ours is made up of 2 separate pieces: one is on the outside, and the second is a slightly overlapping one that can be removed only from the inside. After taking the inside piece off, i cleaned it and reset it back with butyl sealer and then applied another coat of all weather sealer from the top, once that plank was screwed back in. I have also put on a few coats of Sikken Cetol (i used it on all exterior wood). No leaks for 2 years now. Let me know if you need pictures..