How to weather a sudden storm?

Jan 14, 2011
243
tanzer tanzer 28 bathurst nb
I am a ex navy rihb boat driver, i have driven boat since i was about 7 year old, the best practice is not to be on the water if storm are predicted. However, if you sail at some point in time you will be out there in a storm. There are many thing that have to be done depending on your location.

1 if your can beat the storm and get to port safely, do it. If you cant get there before the storm you might get blown in a ruff spot.

2 if you have enough sea room, head for deep water and ample room, there is less chance of a wreck out where noting else then water is around the boat, batten down the hatches and tie yourself in, wear some sort of floating device.

I can offer three example of time where i have been cough in a storm.

Situation 1 : after a long hot summer day of little wind slow speed aboard a san juan 23, we noticed an unpredicted storm cloud building behind us. We scrambled to double reef the main and got the storm jib up. At the same time we got every one inside in pfd except me. When the storm hit us we got railed hard, the hatches got sealed and since i had plenty of sea room i took the storm by the side under sail. The boat who had an average speed of six knot did 9.5 knot, it was a pretty cool feeling. The wind that day came up to 34 knot and the storm lasted about 15 min. Every one got off safely and we where a few mile off course. The boat was in great shape.

Sittuation 2 : we where anchored fishing mackerel. It started raining, since everything look ok and we where relatively close to the marina(1 mile) we carried on. The wind started to blow so we got the anchor up and started the engine toward the marina. Got cough in a gail with hail! The radar became useless as the echo from the ice pellet turned the screen black, the gps and the depth meter where the only instrument trustable as we where in a tight channel. The wind came to 36 knots, we did not have sea room and harbour wasn't far, so keeping an eye on instrument and having the engine pushing at half power we made it in, we docked at the emergency dock since getting in my berth would have been risky. This was on a tanzer 28, we proceeded with extreme caution and had a life raft on board.

Sittuation 3 : a person in kayak went missing, after monitoring the vhf we realized the coast guard who was directing the search from about 500 miles away was looking in the wrong place. No one from our marina was going out to look as the wind was howling at 40 knot. Me and a buddy who is also ex military took my tanzer and went out to search in the area under motor, we where both tied in, we saw the missing person for a brief instant and notified the coast guard, the chopper came in to search the area. The sea state was ugly and the waves where about 15 feet, we where not able to see him again and sadly he was found dead the next day in the area. While the tanzer 28is not a boat that bang in the waves, being in that kind of sea was hard on the boat, 2 week later, the shaft spun in the split coupling, and at fall i discovered some cracks in my steering quadrant. Sails where and absolute nono, i would not recommend to anyone without sea rescue experience to do what we did, however this missing person was some one son and somebody's loves, i would do it again at any time.

Now these are example, if it feel dangerous don't do it, the best way is to keep a cool head look at your option, don't take any instrument for granted as they may prove useless, if you have sea room and experience reduce sail and go on or heave to. If you don't have sea room, use your motor and stay in deep water, head for safety cautiously, and remember you can hit bottom. Your boat can take much more of a beating then you can. If you don't have to be out, don't go out. The people who go looking for missing person are something putting their life on the line.
 
Jan 1, 2006
7,469
Slickcraft 26 Sailfish
With regard to the post about heaving to I would point out that it is more a tactic for a boat that is offshore in a gale. In that situation shelter isn't an option and the wind in large part is blowing from one direction.
A severe T-storm in relatively sheltered waters, which was the OP situation, is different. Primarily because the weather event will feature violent changes in wind direction. Any sail up creates a hazard of fast, unpredictable changes in boat heel and a boom flying across the cockpit. This can be very dangerous for someone in the cockpit.
So faced with a severe T-Storm my favorite tactic is the occupy the bar at the Yacht Club, followed by a secure mooring, a well set anchor in a sheltered area with good holding and few other boats, and then, sails down motoring for control of the boat with all the caveats mentioned on this thread.
There is no safe place on a sailboat when there are cloud to water lightening strikes around the boat.
If you plan to heave to, you'd better practice in your boat because it isn't always like the text books say.
 
Feb 20, 2011
8,048
Island Packet 35 Tucson, AZ/San Carlos, MX
With regard to the post about heaving to I would point out that it is more a tactic for a boat that is offshore in a gale. In that situation shelter isn't an option and the wind in large part is blowing from one direction.
A severe T-storm in relatively sheltered waters, which was the OP situation, is different. Primarily because the weather event will feature violent changes in wind direction. Any sail up creates a hazard of fast, unpredictable changes in boat heel and a boom flying across the cockpit. This can be very dangerous for someone in the cockpit.
So faced with a severe T-Storm my favorite tactic is the occupy the bar at the Yacht Club, followed by a secure mooring, a well set anchor in a sheltered area with good holding and few other boats, and then, sails down motoring for control of the boat with all the caveats mentioned on this thread.
There is no safe place on a sailboat when there are cloud to water lightening strikes around the boat.
If you plan to heave to, you'd better practice in your boat because it isn't always like the text books say.
Well said. Occupy!

And heaving to certainly is affected by a few factors. Practice. :thumbup:
 
Mar 28, 2010
91
Catalina C320 Washington, NC
As it was our first full sailing season, we did sail in increasingly stronger winds. I think the strongest we sailed in was around 20 with some higher gusts. That was the day Seaside Park boardwalk burned and they reported the fire was pushed by something like 30mph winds?
Actually, I am more afraid of getting out of and back into the slip in high winds than being on the water practice is taking care of that.
The summer storms don't last long usually. Instead of trying to dock in such situations, just lay off and let the storm pass before trying to dock. It'll be safer and you are less likely to do damage to the boat or people from the docking attempt in bad conditions.
 
Jun 9, 2004
615
Catalina 385 Marquette. Mi
I guess my point is that a common statement regarding wx tactics is " and then I lowered the sails and started the motor". If you have a squall bearing
down on you at 30+ kts.....running for "the marina" can be quite dangerous, unless you are lucky and happen to be very close. Boats and piers within a marina arent very forgiving.
Me.....if I cant win the race....well maybe a couple of hankies bent with one backed and the helm over, seems to work. Although I do admit lightning could be a factor. :/
 
Jan 8, 2009
51
Catalina 22 mkII trailor
I have a 22ft catalina and learned that a sailboat will sail in almost any thing if you use the correct amount of sail. If its real bad around 25 knots I would unfurl just a small amount of jib or jenny about the size of 3 or 4 square feet. Or you can try just a reefed main with plenty of line out. A reefed main will give you plenty of steerage by its self and just a small amount of jib or jenny by it self will give you stability but not much steerage. You can motor sail also and will keep the motor warmed up if needed. If you sail in an area that has strong winds you may consider another set of reef points on the main just incase. The thing is a sailboat will sail better than just motoring. There have been days that there were 4ft waves heading out of the marina into the wind and the boat would take a pounding with each wave. But if you turn it into a sailboat the ride is smooth as glass even in 4ft waves! Some one said a 22ft Catalina will sail in up to 6ft waves but after that the rudder comes out of water and you loose steerage. Another thing to is if the waves are to big the boat will turtle which means the bow will get stuck when going down a wave and hitting the next wave dead on and the boat will do a summer salt, end over end. If you can always head the boat at a 45 degree angle to the waves to avoid running head on. This will give you a nice ride.
 

higgs

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Aug 24, 2005
3,704
Nassau 34 Olcott, NY
I agree that you are better off out on the water when the storm hits than you are pulling into your slip.
 

WayneH

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Jan 22, 2008
1,087
Tartan 37 287 Pensacola, FL
Like a friend of mine says, "Do the MATH!!!!"

Speed of boat = 6 knots
Speed of storm = 20 knots
Distance to port? Can you make port before the storm does?
 
Jan 8, 2009
51
Catalina 22 mkII trailor
In Bellingham Bay they give the weather report every 10 min. for all of Puget sound. I got caught in the middle of the bay about 3 or 4 miles from the marina and the report said storm coming in but thunder heads over land with lightning. So I was far enough away and weathered the storm and they were very accurate thanks to national weather service.
 
Jan 8, 2009
51
Catalina 22 mkII trailor
I think in my sailing class for a 40 ft sailboat they said you should find the lee side of an island or land till the storm passes. The reason being if your caught out on the water when thunder and lightning is passing over head your mast is the highest point on the water and most likely the first to be hit.
 
Jan 8, 2009
51
Catalina 22 mkII trailor
If there is that much wind you don't need any sails as the mast and sides of the boat will get you moving the same as sails from what I've heard.
 
Feb 21, 2011
74
Hunter 410 Lorain
WOW! There were more responses on this topic than on any others for a long time! Here on the Great Lakes - sudden squalls are a fact of life. You teach yourself to see them coming and allow yourself time to take the appropiate steps. As they are usuall of short duration - "heaving to" isn't really necessary. Just get your sails down, secure all loose objects, close the hatches, and be ready to turn into the wind when it hits. Bill on STARGAZER
 
Nov 6, 2006
10,048
Hunter 34 Mandeville Louisiana
Fact of life here on the Gulf coast too.. We have the 3 PM storm that comes through from July through mid September.. It may or may not run ya down.. winds might be 30-40 at times.. sails down, button up ..unless the wind is blowing where you are going.. then reef and fly!
 
Jul 27, 2013
298
Hunter 37.5 1065 Rock Hall, MD
It is safe to say that there is not one tactic that is applicable to all situations. The basic premise is not to be over-canvassed. Reef or take down the main early and get it lashed down. I have had positive experiences in the Chesapeake with a small piece of jib out and sailing a reasonable course to minimize strain on the rig. The issue with the Chesapeake, and Barnegat for that matter, is that lack of sea room. Not only are there sandbars/mudbars, but the motor boats that just drop anchor are everywhere. So...not only do you have to watch your boat, but in a real bad storm, you can barely see your own bow, then all of a sudden......an anchored boat pops out of the rain!

I agree with the compass heading prior to the curtain coming down. I always take a quick bearing (doesn't have to be to the second) but a general direction on the compass is good to have. I have been spun around so badly that I was completely disoriented. But....the compass didn't lie. Electronics (and engines) fail when they are needed most.

My only concern about firing up the iron genny is that it will drive the bow down, and if people are below, the risk of CO poisoning. Also, you can't hear the warnings of other vessels while the engine is running.

I love to heave to, but can't do it in the enclosed bays for very long. I do it for lunch stops, and practice. IMHO, if you have less than 50 sea miles, heaving to may end you up on the mud.

Ben
 
Jun 10, 2004
7
Catalina c30 Savannah, GA
Storm entering Key West

Do everything early. I saw the storm as we came up on the North Channel to Key West. Closed companion way, and put on life jackets. I first reefed and then went to bare pole with engine on. We had had 35 - 50 knts winds. What happened later was mind boggling. The wind showed on the wind instrument over a 30 40 mins. going 360 degrees as 45 knts. We were in the eye of the storm. Fortunately when we got into the dock area, it had settled down to 6 knts.

plan early
Capt Jim
 
Mar 29, 2009
12
Beneteau Oceanis 361 New Bern
Heave-to with in mast furling

Does anyone have instructions or experience on how to heave-to with an in mast furling rig? I have a 361 Beneteau with in mast furling, and it appears to be a very flexable arrangement for reefing. I'm guessing it would work well for heaving-to, especially the sail area control. Any warning or things to be careful with would be appreciated.
 

caguy

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Sep 22, 2006
4,004
Catalina, Luger C-27, Adventure 30 Marina del Rey
The science behind heaving to is in that video. They don't specifically mention furlers but the process is the same.
 
Nov 22, 2013
20
macgregor m25 akron
A couple of years ago I got caught in a sudden squall on lake erie. My concern was the Cleveland break wall since we were so close. I just put the sails down and motored into the wind. At the time I only had a Honda 5 horsepower. It kept me into the wind but I upgraded to a suzuki 9.9 a couple of weeks later. I sail a macgregor 25. The waves were 10-12 ft. We did fine. It was over in about 20 minutes.
The best suggestion is to keep track of the weather forcast.