Re: Future Rust Prevention For Ends of Saw-Cut 316 SS Tubing
Several functions of passivation:
Metal are composed of 'microscopic grains' or teeny 'islands' of micro-alloys instead of a uniform homogeneous mixture of the metals which compose the material.
• Passivation extracts or removes the more reactive surface elements, chiefly ferric iron. Nitric, Citric and Phosphoric acids attack and extract chiefly the ferric iron molecules, thus removing them from the surface. Ferric rust is 'red' rust. Ferrous rust is 'black or blue' rust which in iron based metals is 'protective' but can reduce to 'red' rust.
• Planar passivation removes the hills and valleys from the surface roughness. Especially in 'stainless alloys' which are subject to 'crevice corrosion', the more 'planar' (flat) the surfaces become, the less prone to develop such 'crevice corrosion' in the 'valleys' between the peaks of the roughness. Planar passivation is accomplished by mechanical grinding/polishing/buffing and for critical service is usually followed by electropolishing (a reverse form of electro-plating and where the removal of irregularities/roughness is easier accomplished due to the relative higher 'reactivity' at the peaks and valleys of the surface roughness). Electropolishing 'rounds off' the sharpness of the microscopic peaks and valleys, thus increases the 'flatness' on a microscopic basis.
The problem with chemical passivation (only) is that one can 'go too far' and extract too much of the surface iron thus creating deeper valleys between the 'micro-grains' thus making common (300 series) stainless more prone to crevice corrosion.
FWIW - passivation of 'steels' and cast iron.
For simple steels and cast, etc. irons (not stainless steels) passivation can be accomplished by removing surface roughness (polishing, etc.) and simply 'boiling/soaking' in hot water for extended periods ... changes any 'red' rust to protective 'black' rust -- called 'blueing'. Cast iron is easily 'blued' and is the reason that cast iron engine components last so long because of the formation of surface ferrous (black) rust in the internal water passages ... IF the engine is often and repeatedly run to HOT. (Also is the reason that navy ships keep their engines running ... and HOT).
Here's a very highly 'technical' description of grain boundary degradation in 300 series stainless:
http://144.206.159.178/ft/940/92165/1600215.pdf