Why our comments are all over the place...
Malcolm, I am glad to hear that this discussion has been useful to you. Clearly, you are an experienced sailor and have carefully considered the various options. In reading the entire thread, however, it struck me that in spite of the clear consensus about not needing a Gale sail in 30-40 knot winds, the overall discussion might well be rather confusing to the less experienced sailors on this board.After all, my advice (reinforced by Chris' comments) was to drop the genny altogether in 35-40 knot winds (while deep-reefing the main). Contrary to that, Jack's advice is to use a removable inner (masthead) stay with a proper staysail or blade jib whereas Colin feels that one should more or less be able to keep sailing on by simply furling the genny to the size of a working jib (while deep-reefing the main).IMHO these major differences in opinion are primarily due to differences in vessel type, sailing objectives and sea state.To start with sea state: inland water sailors - even when sailing on very big lakes - will often be able to focus primarily on the strength, stability and direction of the wind whereas offshore sailors more often than not need to be primarily concerned with the height, shape and direction of waves and swells because of the much longer fetches involved. Not only is the ocean sailor more likely to encounter larger waves but the effect of winds blowing against strong ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, can create disproportionally heavy seas. Finally, in heavy seas wind strength and direction tend to vary a great deal depending on whether the vessel is on or near the wave tops or down in the troughs.Whereas in high winds a sailor's main concern is not to gybe, broach or damage the sails, in heavy seas the overriding concern for smaller sailing vessels becomes not to capsize, pitchpole, be rolled or get pooped. Consequently, in heavy seas the paramount strategic objective is not to sail beam-to the direction of the waves in order to avoid excessive rolling and possibly capsizing. Important secondary objectives are to avoid sailing straight into the waves (in order to avoid excessive slamming, hobby-horsing and loss of boat speed plus rudder control) and not to sail straight down the waves (to avoid burying the bows and possibly pitchpoling). In heavy seas, this often leaves only two reasonable points of sail, namely: (a) slowly jogging into wind and waves at a 45 (+/- 15) degree apparent wind angle; or (b) sailing downwind at a 135 (+/- 15) degree angle. With a sloop rig upwind points of sail in heavy seas are most easily maintained by means of a deep-reefed main (plus a very small jib or no jib at all) since the tendency for the bow to be pushed away by the oncoming waves will be compensated by the mainsail's tendency to make the vessel round up again when hit by the wind gusts near the tops of the wave. On the downwind points of sail, however, a small genny or staysail can help provide stability against being broached by quartering waves.As already mentioned by Jack Tyler, the optimum heavy weather sail plan for a ketch rig tends to be fundamentally different from that of a sloop rig, because of the different location of the the COE of each sail relative to the CLR. On top of that, a classic full-keeled vessel, a full-keeled vessel with cutaway forefoot, a deep draft fin-keeled vessel and a shallow-draft finkeeler all may have different optimum heavy weather sail plans. Finally, a racing crew will nearly always select more agressive heavy weather sail plans than the conservative sail plans favored by short-handed cruisers.Have fun!Flying Dutchman