Impeller Vanes
Did you have all the impeller vanes on the old one when you pulled it out?
Probably need to systematically.
1. You can start at the strainer checking for water (pull inlet hose, open thru hull) - water comes out, you are good there.
2. If you are missing an impeller, I would next pull the inlet end off the heat exchanger and see if the impeller vane is there.
3. If no impeller vane is missing then I would pull off the inlet to the heat exchanger from the pump and see if you have water (may need someone else to start and immediately stop engine before you get too much water)
4. Next step (can't see it going much beyond that) would be to look at your exhaust elbow.