Anchor chain corroding after 2 years

Feb 16, 2021
519
Hunter Legend 35.5 Bellingham
I’m noticing corrosion on my 134' Peerless ACCO 5/16" G43 from Defender after 2 years of install. Anticipate getting more longevity before noticing corrosion. Is this normal?I wash down the entire chain with freshwater after every cruise. I’m wondering if I should be doing anything additional? It seems like the anchor locker gets adequate ventilation through the furler hole.

Cruising in the PNW.
 

Attachments

Feb 10, 2004
4,228
Hunter 40.5 Warwick, RI
Actually you chain doesn't look too bad in my opinion. I normally get 5-6 years out of chain before it becomes quite rusty.
I do have a dock-mate who rinses his chain after every cruise with Salt-Away. He thinks it is very beneficial. I am going to try it this year myself to see if I can extend the chain life.
One of the biggest destroyers of chain is the abrasion when the chain goes through the gypsy and bow rollers. That action tends to wear off the galvanizing and the loss of protection hastens the demise of the chain. And then there is the abrasion between links from the chain moving on the sea bed.
 
Jan 1, 2006
7,935
Slickcraft 26 Sailfish
What brand of chain is that?
I'd expect longer life. I rarely rinsed mine on several boats. Gypsy and not. Salt water and little rust.
 

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
While ACCO is terrible quality chain (galvanizing), yours doesn't look unusual. But that would also depend on the amount of use it is getting. If this is from a dozen anchorings over 2yrs, then probably bad, but not if it is from a lot more anchorings.

Most of the corrosion spots look like they are on the weld. This is a tough area for galvanizing, as it often gets a bit rough there and can chip off. The other spots look like where the links connect to each other, and this is also normal.

But search around and you will find many stories about poor ACCO quality. We had a batch completely rust solid after 6 months, and another batch after 2yrs. The second batch was a year old when we bought the boat and hadn't been used more than a few times. It was rusted solid after a year of high use.

Mark
 
Feb 16, 2021
519
Hunter Legend 35.5 Bellingham
Ah, bummer. I thought Acco was reputable for quality chain. What chain do you like?
 
Dec 25, 2000
6,043
Hunter Passage 42 Shelter Bay, WA
While ACCO is terrible quality chain (galvanizing), yours doesn't look unusual.
Good morning, Mark. I suppose you have some basis of information that supports your claim? I try to avoid brand bashing in public, even if legit, rather stating a product's specific faults. Purchased 50' of 5/16" G40 USA made ACCO brand hot dipped galvanized chain in 2015 that has spent a great deal of time in sea water. I do rinse with fresh after every cruise and it looks the same today as the day I purchased it.

The OP does not mention whether the chain was galvanized or hot dipped galvanized, which makes a big difference in corrosion resistance. When it comes time to replace, I will go with same from the Seattle based industrial chains supplier that knows the difference. ACCO makes both types; just perhaps ...

P.S. The chain in the photo appears to have a very shiny finish, which would indicate galvanized, whereas my chain has a very dull finish, normal for hot dipped galvanized. Just IMHO, FWIW.
 
Feb 16, 2021
519
Hunter Legend 35.5 Bellingham
Good morning, Mark. I suppose you have some basis of information that supports your claim? I try to avoid brand bashing in public, even if legit, rather stating a product's specific faults. Purchased 50' of 5/16" G40 USA made ACCO brand hot dipped galvanized chain in 2015 that has spent a great deal of time in sea water. I do rinse with fresh after every cruise and it looks the same today as the day I purchased it.

The OP does not mention whether the chain was galvanized or hot dipped galvanized, which makes a big difference in corrosion resistance. When it comes time to replace, I will go with same from the Seattle based industrial chains supplier that knows the difference. ACCO makes both types; just perhaps ...

P.S. The chain in the photo appears to have a very shiny finish, which would indicate galvanized, whereas my chain has a very dull finish, normal for hot dipped galvanized. Just IMHO, FWIW.
Mine is hot dipped galvanized, US made, which after much research seemed to be the cat’s meow. Here is the link to what I purchased from Defender on 3/25/24. I religiously wash it down with fresh water after every outing, and the furler opening in into the anchor locker seems would provide more than enough ventilation.

Chain was still slightly wet after a spray down in the picture, which would explain the sheen you mention.

What are you doing differently from me? I would love to get 11+ years as it seems you are.

https://defender.com/en_us/peerless...noMQy-LahLIc5Kq6jFho9Aolkakas7DujRR9oUDzicik4
 

dLj

.
Mar 23, 2017
5,026
Belliure 41 Back in the Chesapeake
I don't think your chain looks very rusty. I think I've posted this before, but I'll do it again here.

Attached find a micrograph of hot dipped galvanizing. On the right hand side you'll see identified the different microstructures that are formed during hot dipped galvanizing. The top layer is called Eta and is pure zinc, very soft and can wear away easily. In your photos, you are showing a rust discoloration most noticeable where the chain links wear against each other. That wear will easily remove the Eta layer.

The next layer down you have the Zeta layer. Note that it is about 6% iron. Also note that the hardness of this layer is notably higher than the Eta layer. Your chain has likely worn the Eta layer down and what you are seeing is this Zeta layer. It will have a "rusty" appearance as seen by your photos but this layer is still protecting your underlying chain links. Or said another way, your chain is fine.

Just keep an eye on your chain, this discoloration may increase slowly over time as the chain slowly wears through the Zeta layer. You should see a visibly deeper rust discoloration when the wear goes completely through the Zeta layer and finally gets to the Delta layer. Your chain is actually still protected at that point, and it will last like that quite a length of time - note the hardness of this layer is substantially harder than either of the top two layers. But once the chain has worn to there, it would be a good time to start looking to either get your chain re-galvanized or replace it. It should take years to get to this point.

djHot Dipped Galvanized microstructure.jpg
Hot Dipped Galvanized microstructure.jpg
 

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
Good morning, Mark. I suppose you have some basis of information that supports your claim? I try to avoid brand bashing in public, even if legit, rather stating a product's specific faults. Purchased 50' of 5/16" G40 USA made ACCO brand hot dipped galvanized chain in 2015 that has spent a great deal of time in sea water. I do rinse with fresh after every cruise and it looks the same today as the day I purchased it.

The OP does not mention whether the chain was galvanized or hot dipped galvanized, which makes a big difference in corrosion resistance. When it comes time to replace, I will go with same from the Seattle based industrial chains supplier that knows the difference. ACCO makes both types; just perhaps ...

P.S. The chain in the photo appears to have a very shiny finish, which would indicate galvanized, whereas my chain has a very dull finish, normal for hot dipped galvanized. Just IMHO, FWIW.
I don't have a problem mentioning brands that I have experience with, good or bad, and I did state the specific faults I had with ours in my post.

My basis is my experience with ACCO chain through 3 replacements. Along with dozens of other people with the same problem that I personally met and saw the chain. Along with a pertinent bit of ACCO history. Then do a search for problems with this chain.

My experience: And I should mention that all of the chain I discussed was hot dipped galvanized. I know the differences in the product line.

Our first batch of ACCO chain was purchased a long time ago. I forget when, but it was in the 90's. It was great chain and lasted many years. At least as long as I would expect it to.

Our second batch of ACCO chain was purchased in 2007. That date is important, and I will come back to it. It began rusting quickly, was almost unusable by 6 months, and by the time we got to Grenada to replace it later that year, we had to take a mooring and break the chain apart in the locker with a hammer to get it out. While in Grenada, I personally met 12 other boats, just in the one harbor we were in, that were replacing rusted out ACCO chain less than a year old.

We had bought that chain through Defender, and they tried to go to bat with us by pressuring ACCO. ACCO agreed to replace the chain, but they would never deliver, and went silent as I kept asking them for a delivery timeframe. We replaced that ACCO with Maggi chain and got 8yrs out of it.

Our third batch of ACCO chain was on the boat when we bought it. That chain was purchased in 2017, and was used only once or twice by the time we bought the boat in 2018. It looked like new when we bought it, but was unusable a year later though constant use, when it was so rusted it was skipping the gypsy and kinking into balls in the locker. We replaced that ACCO chain with Laclede chain, and it is still going strong 5 years later. (a note on the timeline given here, where there appears to be a gap between where I said the chain was unusable and when I said we replaced it - covid gap, where we were stuck in a marina).

Now going back to the date thing. Peerless bought ACCO around 2007, and our second batch was purchased after this. Peerless shut down ACCO manufacturing, moved the manufacturing to Peerless plants, and changed the galvanization process. I am convinced these changes resulted in poorer quality.

Having the above experience, I also admit that I have met and heard from people like you whose ACCO chain has served them well. There are many variables in bottoms, water, deployment times, etc that can affect chain. I have never met anyone cruising in the areas we are that have had good luck with ACCO chain, so perhaps some of these variables are notable.

On the other hand, there is nothing I see in the OP's pictures that looks unusual or unexpected to me.

Mark
 
Last edited:

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
The next layer down you have the Zeta layer. Note that it is about 6% iron. Also note that the hardness of this layer is notably higher than the Eta layer. Your chain has likely worn the Eta layer down and what you are seeing is this Zeta layer. It will have a "rusty" appearance as seen by your photos but this layer is still protecting your underlying chain links. Or said another way, your chain is fine.
This has been our experience. The difference between a "rusty" chain and a "rusted" chain takes years. The "rusty" chain works and acts like new, with the downside that it may stain the topsides if it sits there.

If you are in the Chesapeake, I've found that going up a creek and putting your "rusty" chain deep in the mud for a few days brings it back up with a black magnetite coating that takes a while to get back to "rusty".

Mark
 
  • Like
Likes: skunther

Isskra

.
May 26, 2026
5
Hunter Cherubini Erie
I don't think it looks rusty. Chains developed that little bit of rust really fast. If you want to minimize rust, you can possibly spray paint the chain. But paint doesn't adhere well to galvanized chain until after it rusts.
 

dLj

.
Mar 23, 2017
5,026
Belliure 41 Back in the Chesapeake
This has been our experience. The difference between a "rusty" chain and a "rusted" chain takes years. The "rusty" chain works and acts like new, with the downside that it may stain the topsides if it sits there.

If you are in the Chesapeake, I've found that going up a creek and putting your "rusty" chain deep in the mud for a few days brings it back up with a black magnetite coating that takes a while to get back to "rusty".

Mark
I don't sail very much in the Chesapeake. I mostly sail in the ocean. But I'll keep that in mind.

I used to be part of manufacturing of hot dipped galvanized products. In several capacities.

I have found that in the sailing community a whole lot of complaints are made without any real background or data to support those claims. Hence, doing an internet search on "complaints" seems to be more of a current cultural exercise on how we seem to like to complain rather than finding actual data that is useful.

dj
 
Dec 25, 2000
6,043
Hunter Passage 42 Shelter Bay, WA
Chain was still slightly wet after a spray down in the picture, which would explain the sheen you mention.
Even when wet, our chain has a dull, flat appearance. Not suggesting Defender did a substitution, just my observation and experience. If it were me, I might have an industrial chain expert weigh in. And I've never experienced quality produced hot dipped galvanize material actually chipping off. I suppose, too, that the production process itself can result in different quality grades.
 

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
I have found that in the sailing community a whole lot of complaints are made without any real background or data to support those claims. Hence, doing an internet search on "complaints" seems to be more of a current cultural exercise on how we seem to like to complain rather than finding actual data that is useful.
Searching the internet was only one example I gave. I still find this useful advice, since one can separate whiny complaints from complaints that have some data and experience behind them. For example, my complaint above is filled with timelines, description of the condition of the product, ancillary information like a company being bought and moved, and equivalent examples using different products.

Sure, a response to that might be I never had the chain examined by a metallurgic professional, and never got any XRF, OES, or LIBS data from it, and never made any metallurgical measurements when it was new, etc, but none of that is valid or necessary to a consumer when a product is failing in its intended use.

Mark
 

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
Here’s a picture of it dry. I had rinsed it off very well after our last sail.
I would consider that normal after 2yrs of use - unless those 2yrs meant anchoring 3 times or something. Pretty good, in fact.

Mark
 
  • Like
Likes: skunther

dLj

.
Mar 23, 2017
5,026
Belliure 41 Back in the Chesapeake
Here’s a picture of it dry. I had rinsed it off very well after our last sail.
Look, the truth is you can't evaluate your chain through photographs. If you are really concerned and want to know what the real condition of the chain is and if you should be concerned or not, you would have to have the chain examined and evaluated through a metallurgical examination. If you wish to do that, I can provide that service. If you do want to do that, send me PM and we can talk about it.

dj
 

dLj

.
Mar 23, 2017
5,026
Belliure 41 Back in the Chesapeake
Searching the internet was only one example I gave. I still find this useful advice, since one can separate whiny complaints from complaints that have some data and experience behind them. For example, my complaint above is filled with timelines, description of the condition of the product, ancillary information like a company being bought and moved, and equivalent examples using different products.

Sure, a response to that might be I never had the chain examined by a metallurgic professional, and never got any XRF, OES, or LIBS data from it, and never made any metallurgical measurements when it was new, etc, but none of that is valid or necessary to a consumer when a product is failing in its intended use.

Mark
Obviously we have different standards of what is considered "useful" information.

One does not need XRF, OES or LIBS data to make an assessment of a galvanized chain. Furthermore, you are using the term "failing" in it's intended use - there is a much higher standard that is required to use the term "failing".

dj
 

colemj

.
Jul 13, 2004
1,036
Dolphin Catamaran Dolphin 460 Mystic, CT
One buys a new chain and starts anchoring in a normal manner. In less than a year, it is rusted to the point of being stuck together and needed a hammer to break apart. This happens twice over 10yrs, while witnessing the same from many others.

No higher standard is necessary to say this chain failed in its intended use. Particularly as a consumer.

Imagine buying a new blender and the third time you use it, the blades shatter and the motor burns out. Are you really going to take that to an "expert" to determine if it failed in its intended use? Or avoid the term "failure" to describe it?

Now you write a product review, where you describe your experience as the above. Is this not "useful" information for a prospective purchaser? If 50% of the reviews describe experiences like yours, are you going to say none of that is "useful" unless an expert examines it and describes in technical details the underlying cause?

Mark