The more I hear from others it seems that a laptop is an expensive proposition, considering its not built for the marine environment.
Laptops are supposed to be durable enough to be portable. Will they last in a marine environment? Well... who keeps a computer more than 2 or 3 years anyway? Also, the market is thick with entry-level laptops around $400, and surprisingly powerful netbooks at $280. Off-lease business-class laptops are available at $150 and up.
I have an ASUS eee netbook I purchased in the winter of 2008. It's survived 3 weeks in a backpack traveling around Europe, and occasional boat duty. I just love the small size. Regular laptops are too large to be genuinely portable, IMHO...
Also the issue of battery life. Appears that dedicated nav instruments are better suited-- have lower power consumption and are made for marine environments.
Of course marine instruments are better, and everyone should have them for critical navigation functions, with the laptop only as a back-up. No question there.
Re battery life - the obvious solution is to be able to efficiently run from boat 12v. My aforementioned eee takes 10v for external power, so it's very easy to interface to boat power, but there are efficient DC-DC converters available to feed any laptop.
Tip - Stick an efficient Linux version on an older laptop or a netbook and it will run like a racehorse again. Just about all the free/open-source navigation apps have a Linux version or equivalent.