For the battery question..
I assume that you bought the boat and the PO put in 4 gauge wire for the outboard electric start?
You should have no issue with the 12 foot 4 gauge wire run. You can use a wire gauge calculator like on this web site
http://www.powerstream.com/Wire_Size.htm
My 9.8 four stroke starter uses about 30 amps during starting and plugging this in with your 12 foot distance and 4 gauge gives a voltage drop of only .184 volts - ie, only a small drop.
I have my battery as far as I can get it in the forward part of the boat and run 4 guage wires all the way to the outboard with a starter and never have any issue. If your having trouble starting, it probably isnt the wire causing the problem.
One caution - if you dont have it, you should consider a fuse near the battery for that wire run. I have a 90 amp fuse and its never tripped when starting but will protect the wire from a short. Without the fuse, a short of those wires is going to result in some flames.
Also, the very rear of the boat is not a good place for a lot of weight if you want to keep that boat as fast as possible. But not everyone is concerned about every little bit of speed. Spark with gas fumes in the Laz - BOOM..