Hurricane Preparation observations

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Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
Having over-prepared our boat for the passing of H. Irene up the eastern US seaboard this past weekend, and knowing that we were well-located within a Chesapeake Bay marina in the Tropical Storm zone, I decided to stay aboard and observe the behavior of our boat, and those of others within the marina. Here are some real-time observations:

There was a broad range of preparation practices taken by slip holders, from none, to all canvas stripped from the boats, dock lines doubled, etc. The results were predictable. Unless the owner was lucky, or had helpful neighbors, there was an even chance that their boats experienced damage from impact with piles and docks. Some would not have stayed in their slips if not for the effort by neighboring slip holders to better secure the boat prior to the storm.

Loose sails. Without a question the greatest, and most expensive damage came from furling head sails blowing out. Not unfurling, just a loose edge catching the wind, inflating the sail and preceding to turn the entire assembling into an un-workable destruction machine. At some point in the last few years there appears to have been a change in storm preparation that does not include removal of the furling head sail. This may be complacency based on suitable outcomes in past storms. If you decide to leave your furling headsail on the boat you should understand that once it comes to grief there is nothing that you can safely do to stop the process. If you are lucky you will simply destroy your headsail. If you are not lucky, your sheets and the clew will hammer your neighbor's boat, and your powered-up rig will toss your mast across a 80 degree arc - endangering your standing rig and those of your neighbor as they tangle and lock.

The lesson I learned had application to storm sailing. I would not trust a furlinig headsail to work during a 60kt blow on the water. I would take it down, or run up my gale sail. You don't want to even think about taming a loose headsail from the foredeck during a storm.

Bimini's and Dodgers. A large majority of power boaters and many sailboaters left their dodgers and biminis in place for the storm. Most got luck and their canvas came through in one piece. What they probably don't know is that their boats rolled, twisted and tested their dock lines as they sailed about the slip, powered by the extra windage.

Self-bailing cockpits. They don't self-bail if the cockpit is full of leaf bits and sea grass. We experienced 8" of rain in as many hours. Can your cockpit hold that much water without down-flooding the boat?

We were lucky that an anticipated surge did not reach past the Patuxent River, had it done so, the common short dock lines would not have been able to accommodate the rise and fall and many boats would have been damaged.

In the final round of storm prep there was a significant amount of flippant humor around the docks. Comments that it was time for a new bimini, or the head sail was due for replacement demonstrated a general misunderstanding of what can happen, and the extent of possible liability for poor owner storm preparation. Once a boat or a piece of a boat comes loose in a storm, there is little that can safely be done to mitigate the damage to your, and others boats. And who wants to be known as the slacker slip-holder that damaged his neighbor's boats for lack of sensible preparation.

Just some thoughts...
 
Apr 8, 2010
1,606
Frers 33 41426 Westport, CT
Most boats in my marina took few precautions. Other than myself, only one guy with a Bene First 280 or 285 took off all canvas. One guy with a powerboat actually told me he was leaving his brand new 5 week old cockpit / stern cover on because it would give the boat better protection from the wind...

Lucky for me / them we were close enough to the edge of eye to get reduced wind speeds and the only boat that ended up with wind related damage was a trawler that the bimini got half ripped off (had it gone all the way off, it probably would have ended up in my standing rigging)

I went around with the dock master and helped tie up boats all over the docks before it hit... we found one 48' power boat that had the bow and forward spring line tied to a cleat that had one bolt already sheared off, and the remaining bolt was bent / half rusted through!

Had we been hit harder here, 1/3rd of the boats in my marina, and the marina my buddy is at, or more, would have probably seen serious damage...
 

njsail

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Feb 18, 2010
216
Bavaria Ocean 40 CC Forked River
Everyone does what they feel is appropriate or just doesn't really care. Most people in my marina prepared properly. I spent the entire day and much of the night prepping our boat. If we really were going to be hit by 80-100mph winds almost anything not bolted down was going to rip, whip, and beat the heck our of the boat. I am lucky enough to have high pilings that could accommodate a 5 foot additional surge - more than that is a game of chance. The surge luckily didn't reach the 6 feet they predicted and the spiderweb of long lines kept the boat from going far. If the tide actually rose up 6 feet higher than high tide (it was a new moon at high tide when Irene hit) a lot of boats would be submarines. The storm didn't have the wind and surge damage by us but many area's inland are devastated with flooding. my heart goes out to them all.

Prepare for the worst and hope for the best. ...it can't hurt to verify your boat insurance is paid up too. Did I over prepare...for this storm yes...but it just as easily could have gone the other way and intensified. I never want to look back and in retrospect say I should have done more. That boat is my home and my happy place. I was one of the lucky ones.
 
May 23, 2004
3,319
I'm in the market as were . Colonial Beach
I saw the full range of preparations. I will agree that there is a correlation between the amount of prep and the amount of damage sustained. More prep = less damage. 80% of the boats in my marina sustained some sort of damage. I did a lot of prep and I didn't get any damage for the storm. Two of my neighbors did the same amount of prep an they had the same results. My next door neighbor did some prep but not a ton of it and he had minor damage.
 
May 4, 2005
4,062
Macgregor 26d Ft Lauderdale, Fl
...
I decided to stay aboard and observe the behavior of our boat, and those of others within the marina. Here are some real-time observations:

...
IMHO, you were very very lucky! (kids don't try this at home!!!)

the big problem is when the surge meets the predictions, and the docks break up, piling break, or the floating docks are not constrained and float off the pilings....

Then you are just drifting along with the rest of the debris field, and maybe get holed on a piling... Then you need to get off, at the worst possible time.

the same thing happens down here... people forget.

now if you were on anchor(s) in some small creek, I'd say OK, good luck.
but (IMHO), a marina is a poor choice of paces to ride out big storms.
 
Dec 1, 1999
2,391
Hunter 28.5 Chesapeake Bay
I think your observations are pretty on target. I don't, however, think one can "over-prepare" a boat for a hurricane. You really just never know the exact path the storm will take, the height and strength of the surge, and wind strength you may have to deal with. When I decided to have my boat hauled a few days before the storm was to arrive here, there were already 100 boats in the queue. The marina did a great job of hauling about 85 boats in less than 48 hours and so my boat withstood the storm in its slip. Luckily, there was no damage. But as noted above, the damage I noted in the marina mostly had to do with furling headsails getting pried open and shredding themselves to death. See pic below of a boat a few docks over from mine.
 

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Oct 2, 2008
3,811
Pearson/ 530 Strafford, NH
Did that headsail rip at the clew? Is there any way to tell if the sheets had been wrapped several times around the furler?
All U Get
 
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Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
Well to be fair, above the Pax River bay boaters only experienced a Tropical Storm. Our boat was prepped to ride a Hurricane with the potential of H.Isabel. Had the storm tracked up the bay, I would have had plenty of notice, and would not have planned to stay aboard. I was able to monitor 10 weather, atmospheric, tidal and data buoy web sites that provided predictions and real-time data.

One of the biggest changes in the last decade is the ability of boaters to accurately track the course of a Hurricane (Thanks NWS/NOAA!). That and real-time water level data, and internet access to weather radar provide boaters with all the tools they need to read the conditions and the relative risk. Some of the most useful re-packaging of our Federal weather data was provided by Weather Underground. We knew hours before the storm threatened that it would track offshore, surge during a falling tide with winds blowing down bay. The only uncertainty was the predicted wind speeds and that is something that removing canvas and windage from boat can mitigate.
 

Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
Did that headsail rip at the clew? Is there any way to tell if the sheets had been wrapped several times around the furler?
All U Get
No, in fact all blow-out head sails sheets stayed tightly wrapped right where the owners had left them. The wind caught a portion of the leech above the wraps and inflated the upper segment of the headsail. What began as a small area of blown out sail became larger and eventually tore the sail above the wrapped sheets. The wrapped sheets did nothing to help prevent this, and once the process of destruction began the wrapped sheets were wadded up with torn sail cloth into a unworkable tangle. I watched one hunter with a B&G rig (no backstay) pump it's rig with such force that I would want the mast un-stepped for a full inspection if it were my boat. The mast was contorted and "S" shaped by the force of the half-inflated jib.
 
Dec 9, 2008
426
1980 Hunter 30 "Denali" Seaford, VA
I wish there was more that I could have done to feel more prepared when we evacuated. As I said in another post, I removed all sails and canvas and anything else that causes windage and double lines with 1/2 in dock lines and having 18 lines between the 25.5 and the 30 foot boats. I adjusted the lines in hopes that I left out enough for the surge but not too much that I would have other problems, and I did remove any debris that might serve to clog the cockpit drains. I still did not feel like I would go through the whole ordeal without any problems and whenever I walk down to the boats I wonder how they road during the worst of it. My neighbor stayed but he's across the canal from me and while he said they seemed to be riding well, he didn't take any video or photos unfortunately. I did check my insurance and all before the storm and I guess I just had this feeling that I should prepare myself for the worst. When we got home to the boats being fine and our garage even dry, I was shocked and thankful! I wouldn't say "a lot of worrying for nothing" or anything like that, because I think we took the necessary preparations and in fact could have done more... we have lessons learned and are applying those now to some of our permenant setup and preparation plans... my thoughts are with all those that lost or had damaged property and my prayers go out to those that have lost family and friends. I'm not looking forward to another one of these!
 
May 24, 2004
7,215
CC 30 South Florida
It was wise to prepare well; there is no such thing as overpreparing. Only after the fact may it be considered that the boat was overprepaerd. By the same token it could not have been anticipated that it would be safe to stay aboard the boat, not even in the area. Personnal safety should be the first priority.
 

Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
To the safety scolds: Do I need to remind you that sailing is an inherently dangerous endeavor? What kind of nut goes out boating in all weather on a tossing sea with a 65' lightning rod strapped with 1000 sq. ft. of sail and 3 tons of lead attached to the bottom?

What I find dangerous are boat owners who observe other boat owners and reflexively do what they do; rather than use their own good judgment based upon experience, study, observation, and rational thought. I'm sure that is why many left their furling headsails rigged, and their deck canvas standing. In the same manner, I have watched whole flotillas set out with poor timing on voyages, taking unnecessary risk, just because someone told them they should, or the compunction to follow a pack. In the final analysis, we are out there alone, and that is why many go.
 

BrianW

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Jan 7, 2005
843
Hunter 26 Guntersville Lake, (AL)
I agree with the need to OVERPREPARE. You don't know if you've overprepared or underprepared until it's all over. I have to also agree about staying onboard during a storm. It's dangerous and could take scarce resources to help you. I've made last minute inspections of my boat from the dock while a storm is in its early stages (40 knots and rough waters) and it can be dangerous even trying to board a boat. BrianW
 
May 4, 2005
4,062
Macgregor 26d Ft Lauderdale, Fl
there's a saying down here.... winds do damage, but water kills.

I'm just not sure how to predict how high the water will actually rise.

But Gunni is correct, NOAA has advanced a lot... just 10 years ago the keys would have been evacuated... this time, they were spot on with the tracking... until it hit NC, and even then just off a bit.
 
Dec 9, 2008
426
1980 Hunter 30 "Denali" Seaford, VA
MrBill_FLL said:
there's a saying down here.... winds do damage, but water kills.

I'm just not sure how to predict how high the water will actually rise.

But Gunni is correct, NOAA has advanced a lot...
I find the NOAA storm surge model to be quite accurate.
 
Dec 1, 1999
2,391
Hunter 28.5 Chesapeake Bay
Well to be fair, above the Pax River bay boaters only experienced a Tropical Storm. Our boat was prepped to ride a Hurricane with the potential of H.Isabel. removing canvas and windage from boat can mitigate.
The poster suggests that his boat in Annapolis was prepped to ride out Hurricane Irene as if it was Isabel. At my marina about 20 miles south, at least 4 whole docks were wiped out and most of the boats, including mine, that were tied up to them, were severely damaged or totaled. There was no safe way to ride out that storm while in a slip with fixed pilings. The only "safe" way to get through such a storm was to get hauled and be as far from the water as possible. See pics of my dock at my marina the day after Isabel. Never underestimate the power of a hurricane.
 

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Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
Warren; The problem at HHN was not fixed pilings, it was a storm surge (and that bulk head). As evidenced by the other 20-some docks that weathered Isabel in one piece.

Isabel came up the bay, and surged at high tide. Irene did neither.

Hauling your boat isn't a panacea either... 90% of the boats on jackstands at Spice Island Marina fell.

I contemplated having my boat hauled but HHN quit taking requests while the Hurricane was off he coast of Florida!
 
Dec 9, 2008
426
1980 Hunter 30 "Denali" Seaford, VA
Gunni said:
Warren; The problem at HHN was not fixed pilings, it was a storm surge (and that bulk head). As evidenced by the other 20-some docks that weathered Isabel in one piece.

Isabel came up the bay, and surged at high tide. Irene did neither.

Hauling your boat isn't a panacea either... 90% of the boats on jackstands at Spice Island Marina fell.

I contemplated having my boat hauled but HHN quit taking requests while the Hurricane was off he coast of Florida!
It was quite a relief when 1.5 hours before high tide, I got a text msg saying the 6 inches in my neighbors garage was receding! Had it peaked a little later it would have been a lot worse. Amazingly the receding surge was beating the incoming tide, but heck I'll take it! My garage is apparently 6.25 inches above my neighbors because it was that close. Pure luck...
 
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