seized Universal M-18 diesel - what to do?

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Jun 9, 2011
7
Catalina 27 Santa Fe, NM
Just bought my first boat - an '87 Catalina 27 with Universal M-18 diesel, in as-is condition on the hard where she'd been for five years. Seller testified engine ran at haul-out and was winterized (antifreeze in sea water lines, which was in evidence at the strainer).

After changing filters and fluids and impeller and such, and before intending an actual start, we attached the batteries to make sure she'd at least turn over before moving her to water. (Regrettably we didn't try to turn the shaft mechanically first, so there's no knowing if she was seized at this point or not.)

From my perspective as the one pushing the start button (no glow) after the fuel pump pressurized on the ignition key turn to on, I just heard the solenoid click on and the starter strain. The mechanic helping me said the engine did one half revolution and stopped, but he didn't seem certain of this.

The upshot, however, is that there is zero movement in the crank shaft when turning it mechanically (socket, via the prop - transmission works correctly). So one of two conditions exist:

1. She was seized from the outset and the mechanic only thought he saw movement. In this case, I assume either the pistons are rusted from water entry; the cylinders are both full of fluid (incompressible), or...? Ideas?

2. She did turn half a rotation and stop. But how and why? And why wouldn't it be possible to turn the shaft back? Valves? No idea.

Additional information:

The engine is very clean and looks perfect from the outside. No evidence of damage anywhere. There is some white, powdery corrosion at the back right (exit side?) of the heat exchanger, looks like at a gasket, that may indicate a bleed-out of antifreeze, but not sure.

Coolant level was down about one quart from overflow level.

The oil change indicated nothing unusual. Oil level was normal before change. Oil was black, normal viscosity, no evidence of contamination of any sort.

I have very little access to experienced help here in... Santa Fe, New Mexico, and I'd like not to double the cost of the boat in solving this issue. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

So my questions are:

1. Is there some stupidly obvious solution? (Yes, I've tried to turn the shaft with the decompression valve open.)

2. Is there anything else to try or do before opening the engine?

3. And if we open the engine, where to begin? Glow plugs? Would there be an order of solutions to explore? What would be the easiest way to determine if there is fluid or rust in the cylinders? Might an anti-seize product be tried if rust is present?

4. Is there anything to try before pulling the engine or should I just bite the bullet and do that right away?

5. Has anyone had this experience and how did it resolve?

6. Can anyone point me towards the right resources to solve this?

7. Are there any other questions I should be asking?

Many thanks in advance,

Chris.
 
Feb 6, 1998
11,760
Canadian Sailcraft 36T Casco Bay, ME
Did you by any chance connect it to fresh water when trying to start it? If so how?

If she is seized, and there is no fluid in the cylinders, remove the injectors and pour in some Marvel Mystery oil and let it sit for a while..
 
Jun 9, 2011
7
Catalina 27 Santa Fe, NM
Thank you. For the actual start and run, the plan was, once we knew she was turning over, to move her on the trailer to a hose line, and using a technique and tool supplied by the mechanic, to provide water to the hull intake using a large toilet plunger with a hose fitting attached.

Do you know if there's any special procedure for removing the injectors and, if successful in freeing the seize, what torque they require on replacing?
 

BarryL

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May 21, 2004
1,120
Jeanneau Sun Odyssey 409 Mt. Sinai, NY
Hello,

Sorry to hear of your problem. The M18 is a good motor.

I would try to rotate the motor by pulling the injectors and then trying to turn the engine at the crank shaft with a socket. If you can't turn the engine with the injectors out, the problem is probably rusted rings. In that case you can try the marvel mystery out trick - pour some in and let it sit for a few days and then try to rotate the engine.

Good luck,
Barry
 

RichH

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Feb 14, 2005
4,773
Tayana 37 cutter; I20/M20 SCOWS Worton Creek, MD
How free up a rust seized engine:

1. remove the injectors
2. pour into the cylinders 1-2 oz. of Marvel Mystery Oil ... let soak ONE week.
3. Put a socket wrench on the nose bolt of the crankshaft and 'attempt' to turn the crankshaft. DONT FORCE IT. If it 'doesnt turn', then add more MMO and wait a few more days.
4. if you cant get the crank to turn EASILY, then spray in an ounce or two of "PB BLASTER" and wait another few days / week.
Try rocking the socket wrench/bar back and forth ... any 'improvement' in how much you can turn the crankshft is 'good'. Keep rocking back and forth until you can rotate the crankshaft WITHOUT A LOT OF FORCE ... if your FORCE IT you will probably break the piston rings (which were probably rusted in their piston grooves or rusted to the cylinder walls --- the next step is how to polish the rust away but you MUST be able to turn the crankshaft over a few times by hand and without FORCE.

A. Once the crank is free, then with the injectors removed 'spin' the engine with the starter.
B. Then drain ALL the old oil and add 3/4 Marvel Mystery Oil and 1/4 regular oil to the crankcase, reinstall the injectors, ....
C. start the engine (but have a Thick RAG handy in case all the oil you dumped down the injector holes causes a 'runaway (rpm going towards INFINITY) ...if RUNAWAY, then open the compression release as you PUSH a WAD of the rag into the air intake to totally block it.
Let the engine run 'slightly at above idle' until warm then increase slowly in rpm until ~1500 rpm. DONT PUT ANY LOAD ON THE ENGINE (no forward nor reverse gear) ... neutral ONLY. When engine is fully warmed up, shutdown and change the oil .... and replace with the 'correct oil'.

This method will release piston rings that are 'rusted' to the cylinder walls and their piston grooves, will 're-polish' the cylinder walls.
Dont FORCE the crankshaft to turn with a long arm socket wrench or a breaker bar, keep 'rocking back and forth' until it 'breaks free' ... if you FORCE IT you will break the piston rings.

This method will 95% get an old rusted/frozen engine back to life.

hope this helps, good luck.
 
Jun 9, 2011
7
Catalina 27 Santa Fe, NM
Thank you all so much. This will get me started.

Again, if anyone knows the torque specs for replacing the injectors, I'd be grateful.
 
Apr 15, 2009
302
C&C 30 Annapolis
If I read this correctly and you've been trying to turn the engine over via the prop nut, STOP!
First off, it's probably not going to work because you're dealing with a reduction gear and basically trying to work it backwards.
Second, you run a pretty high risk of damaging your transmission.
As Rich stated...Marvel Oil soak and a careful wrench on the crank pulley.
 

MitchM

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Jan 20, 2005
1,031
Nauticat 321 pilothouse 32 Erie PA
um, wont the rag get sucked in to the engine ?

i have always used a 12 inch x 12 inch 3/4 thick board to block the air intake inlet. it wont get sucked in in a runaway, and what you want to do is shut off air flow so the diesel /oil mix cannot keep combusintg and running away. no air, = no oxygen = no combustion.
 
Jun 7, 2007
2
Tartan 3000 smith mountain lake
Before you open the engine, google westerbeke service bulletin #213. The m18 has had a history of problems starting [clicking as you describe] due to voltage drop from an undersized long wiring harness and possible corrosion at a hidden fuse holder.. I don't know if this your problem [I'm no mechanic] but when I replaced the wiring on my M18 it now starts instead of just clicking.
 

RichH

.
Feb 14, 2005
4,773
Tayana 37 cutter; I20/M20 SCOWS Worton Creek, MD
um, wont the rag get sucked in to the engine ?

i have always used a 12 inch x 12 inch 3/4 thick board to block the air intake inlet. it wont get sucked in in a runaway, and what you want to do is shut off air flow so the diesel /oil mix cannot keep combusintg and running away. no air, = no oxygen = no combustion.
YES INDEED! The rag will get sucked into the air intake .... and stop the engine from revving up to 'infinite' rpm, and quickly followed by the engine 'coming apart' into 'little' (some big) flying engine 'pieces' trying to gain sonic velocity as they leave the engine, piston tops, chunks of cast iron, segments of connecting rods, etc. :)
 
Dec 30, 2009
680
jeanneau 38 gin fizz sloop Summer- Keyport Yacht Club, Raritan Bay, NJ, Winter Viking Marina Verplanck, NY
By the way when you are ready to start, remove the intake hose to the engine from the valve and place it in as big a bucket as u can, with a hose run water into the bucket, this will better simulate it drawing water from the bay. Also if you crank for more than 1 or 2 minutes, turn off the water till engine starts, then turn it back on. You do not want to fill the system with water, with no combustion there is no pressure to push the water out and you could end up with water in the engine..... good luck Red
 
Jun 9, 2011
7
Catalina 27 Santa Fe, NM
Update

Thank you all again for the input.

I pulled the injectors and introduced MMO. I then took the injectors and my observations to a diesel mechanic. Given that there was no evidence of water (everything was black, sooty and dry) but one of the injectors apparently looked as it it "had taken a hit". So given all the facts, the mechanic's best guess was that the seizure was mechanical - perhaps a jammed rod or piston or such.

So I've left the boat with the mechanics who are going to pull the engine and pull it apart. For the ugly bill, I guess I'll have a re-built engine.
 
Nov 20, 2009
10
Catalina 30 Nahant
it happend to me

You mentioned that you used a toilet style plunger to attach a water supply to the oustside of the thru hull. This is dangerous because if the city water pressure is high it will overpower the water pump impeller and fill up the water lift muffler beyond the capacity to blow it out. Water then backs up in the exhaust and into the cylinders. This situation will waterlock the engine.
Very very slow hand cranking on the front pulley with a socket , with the muffler drain open, will get it out. But if water has been there for any time ,
mystery oil in the cylinder, via the enjector hole, is the way to go.

So very good advice above on using a bucket.
I just let the bucket overflow into the bilge for cleaning and a pump test. A little dish detergent in the bilge leaves it clean.
 
Oct 26, 2005
2,057
- - Satellite Beach, FL.
Thank you all again for the input.

I pulled the injectors and introduced MMO. I then took the injectors and my observations to a diesel mechanic. Given that there was no evidence of water (everything was black, sooty and dry) but one of the injectors apparently looked as it it "had taken a hit". So given all the facts, the mechanic's best guess was that the seizure was mechanical - perhaps a jammed rod or piston or such.

So I've left the boat with the mechanics who are going to pull the engine and pull it apart. For the ugly bill, I guess I'll have a re-built engine.
Look at it this way, you'll start with a fresh and reliable engine!
 
Sep 29, 2008
1,981
Catalina 310 #185 Quantico
My $0.02

I once had a jet ski and one time in the spring it was seized up. Mechanic claimed I needed a new engine. When I got time I popped the head off and there was just the ever little bit of surface rust on the cylinder walls where just a whiff of moisture had hung out there over the winter. Sprayed some WD-40 into the cylinder, waited 2 minutes and wiped with a rag and the puppy was free and happy.

For the record I like RichH's idea as I think that will work. If it is not too late I would try that first, as you really have nothing to lose but a big mechanics bill.
 
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