The answer to your questions
I'm new to holding tank pump out. Do holding tanks have an internal pipe/hose that connects the discharge fitting on the top of the tank to a location deep in the tank for complete removal of waste? Or is suction at pumpout stations sufficient to pull up all waste simply thru the fitting atthe top of the tank? Thanks for aswering such a basic question.
If you're asking about a tank that's already installed...if the discharge fitting is on the top of the tank, there should be a pickup tube inside the tank that goes to the bottom. The tank cannot be pumped out unless the pickup tube is installed.
However, the discharge fitting on most tanks--especially those that are factory installed--is at the bottom...the inlet fitting for the hose from the toilet is at the top. Occasionally an owner will plumb it backwards, which doesn't work very well.
Whether the discharge is at the top or on the bottom, the tank VENT is critical...'cuz it has two functions--it provides an escape for air in the tank displaced by incoming waste (otherwise the tank will become pressurized, with results you won't like at all!), and also is the source of air to replace contents as they're pumped out...otherwise the pumpout will pull a vacuum that prevents anything from being pulled out and can result in a cracked tank. So it's essential to make the sure the vent does not become blocked. The two most common locations for a vent blockage are the vent thru-hull and the vent line connection to the tank--both the tank fitting and that end of the vent line.
Marine toilets and holding tanks require ongoing maintenance...So since you're new at this, you might want to check out the link in my signature...it goes to a comprehensive "marine toilets and holding tanks 101" manual that should help you learn to operate and maintain your system to prevent 99% of problems instead of having to fix 'em.