Close Hauled Steering

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Nov 22, 2008
3,562
Endeavour 32 Portland, Maine
We’re back from a thirteen day classic cruise of Maine; Portland, Boothbay, Southwest Harbor, Bar Harbor, Castine, Rockland, and return. It was memorable for even a full time cruiser despite being severely attenuated by issues of cats, door locks, cat sitters, and daughters. It just goes to show that, if you really want to get away, you have to leave cell phones, Internet, and all other forms of communication behind.

Barbara received her Helmsman merit badge this cruise, learning to keep Strider right on the line with the windward tell tale just lifing occasionally and controlling the heel nicely in the gusts. I realized during this cruise’s instruction that my efforts to explain steering to many people have been compromised by their sight picture of my hands on the wheel. I say, “Think adding and easing pressure, it’s not like steering a car.” However, that doesn’t overcome their seeing my hands on the wheel appearing to move it back and forth. It isn’t clear that my hands are just following the wheel in one direction.

I often steer a different way to ease the wear and tear on my wrists and this method demonstrates the proper technique very clearly. I had Barbara take this short video: (.92 meg Windows Media File)

http://www.cruisingonstrider.us/videos/Steering.wmv

We were pitching into a head sea at the time so there is a more helm action than would be the case in flat water where the wheel motion would simply be slower. Strider, with her big rudder, responds very well to letting the helm “float” through part of the pitching cycle. Eliminating the lift by letting the rudder trail also eliminates the drag that must always accompany an air or water foil exerting a side force. Some vessels will respond more to this than others due to rudder and hull configuration but the principle of turning the wheel in only one direction when close hauled is an almost universal technique of good close hauled helmsmanship.

We finished up the trip in grand style, a 45 mile day, not because we were in a hurry but for being presented with about as perfect a sailing day as the coast of Maine has to offer. We sailed off the anchor at the head of Johns River and down the bay to Thrumcap Island occasionally hitting power cruising speeds under the double reef I put in on raising the sail.

Hardening up around Thrumcap, we began a 30 nm, close hauled slant that took us between Fisherman and Damariscove Islands, across the Sheepscot (rather sporty, that leg), between Ellingwood Rock and Seguin, just clearing Hallibut Rocks off Cape Small, and then onto West Cod Ledge off Portland.

The wind began to ease and back at Small Point, ending in the perfect velocity for the full sail plan as we gradually shook out the reefs. It was still grand sailing when we began the beat up to Portland but dinner in a restaurant beaconed, I wanted to get back out and anchored without worrying about running over a lobster pot in the dark, and we had done as much great sailing as one could ask for in a day. So, we started the engine and ran up into Portland to end this great cruise.
 
Jan 22, 2008
296
Islander Freeport, 41 Ketch Longmont, CO
Hey Roger,

Great little videos. I really enjoy following your travels.

One question very much off topic, I noticed your wheel is wrapped, is it wrapped with leather or some other material? I noticed the brown color as well and was just curious.

I recently wrapped my wheel with cord and then varnished the wraps to keep them clean however, your turks heads are much larger and more prominent than mine and look very nice.

Victor
 
Nov 22, 2008
3,562
Endeavour 32 Portland, Maine
I noticed your wheel is wrapped, is it wrapped with leather or some other material? I noticed the brown color as well and was just curious.
The story and photos of the wheel are in this thread:

http://forums.sbo.sailboatowners.com/showthread.php?t=129452&#post812221

it was professionally done. The thread doesn't mention the finish which is Zinzer Bulls Eye Amber shellac, an incredibly forgiving finish. I have to redo it every year but there is no sanding or surface prep, just a wipe down with stove alcohol.
 

CarlN

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Jan 4, 2009
603
Ketch 55 Bristol, RI
The better the helmsman, the less the rudder moves....

Interesting piece from the New York Times about Dorade winning the Transpac last week. It seems Olin Stephens is still teaching people how to steer a boat with minimum helm movement - despite being dead.

" The crew watched old films of Olin Stephens steering a rocking and rolling Dorade in the 1931 Transatlantic and holding the tiller steady in the center of the boat. By the end of this Transpac, Jenner said, they were all steering the same way as Stephens"


http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/26/s...n-transpacific-race.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&
 
Nov 22, 2008
3,562
Endeavour 32 Portland, Maine
The better the helmsman, the less the rudder moves....
Yes, true in general and more so for traditional keel hung rudders. However, the video is aimed at the novice helmsman who will need to use more rudder motion and to make the point that, close hauled, you only "steer" in one direction, adding and reducing pressure, and letting the boat come up by itself.

Jenner is talking about rolling in what is generally a downwind race so he is talking about a different steering situation. Note that he also calls it a "new type of steering" possible because of the hull form. Strider is more of a modern boat with her separate rudder and fin keel.

Strider practically steers herself to windward once enough weather helm is dialed in. In smooth water, I can duck below or go forward with the wheel brake on. When pitching in a sea, as in the video, additional rudder pressure is only needed during part of the pitching cycle. In a perfectly even sea you might find a point where the tell tales laid exactly right and the rudder hardly seemed to move but rudders create drag and, when the pressure is eased off when possible in the pitch (different situation than rolling), the drag is slightly reduced. Strider also responds quickly enough that a little additional pressure when the windward tell tale lifts slightly when the apparent angle of attack changes in the pitch forward helps keep the rig driving in relatively light air. That's most of the helm motion you see in the video.

I can lock the helm to let the boat steer herself for a few minutes, which would be "minimal helm movement", however the boat slows down. When I steer as shown, Strider goes faster. This will not be true for all hull and rudder configurations.

Even when things are steady, the good helmsman close hauled steers a slightly scalloped course. I've had this related as the secret of Olin's brother Rod's uncanny ability to get the best out of a boat to windward. I never had the chance to discuss that subject with him but he passed on a few other things to me when I had the pleasure of working with him.

More on the subject here:

http://www.pointseast.com/template.shtml?id=EEuApppyplMkENKsEG&style=story

It's hard to apply directly to small boats operating in the more turbulent air near shore and the water surface but understanding the principles will help. Once I had the big boat dialed in, I was only moving the wheel a couple spokes at a time for much of the time.
 
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