Thanks, woodster and valcour. Good suggestions. Will check asap and follow up. Until then, here's a [possibly helpful] update.
Today's first long, steady, 5-10 knot starboard reach the wind gauge was working perfectly. After the first tack, it zeroed out, and didn't work again. Later, while trying to trace the wiring harness between the mast-top wind instrument to the gauge, I noticed that there was water in the bilge. The boat is normally dry-dry, but it seems that a fair amount of soapy water somehow leaked into the bilge the last time I cleaned the exterior (another mystery, perhaps lazerette?)
Incidentally, the wind instrument problem first appeared after that last washing, suggesting the possibility that there's a connection between the water in the bilge and the buggy wind instrument/gauge.
I pumped the bilge empty and noted that the wiring harness exiting the base of the mast then heading aft was submerged. I will check back tomorrow to see if everything is dry, and if so retry the wind instrument/gauge...
Hypothesis: A connection between the wind instrument and the gauge is shorting out in the wet bilge. Thoughts?