White Squall

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Bryce

After having a couple of days to reflect on this incident, I've decided to share the experience and lessons learned. My wife and I we're returning home, to the Boston area, from the Mystic rendezvous last Friday on our H410. We had left Woods Hole MA at 7:00 AM for an approximate 8-9 hour trip home. Visibility was about 1-1 ½ miles with heavy haze. I had the radar on the entire day because of the haze. Sea state was 1-2 foot waves and a SW wind at 15-20 knots. The weather forecast was for possible severe thunderstorms after 6:00 PM. We caught the current thru the Cape Cod Canal, and once on the east side of the canal had a broad reach up Massachusetts Bay. We were running between 8.5 and 9.5 knots. By the time we reached Plymouth MA we were fully an hour ahead of what was our projected schedule. We were projecting to be home by 2:30 pm. Everything was going tremendously well. At approximately 12:30 the winds picked up to 35-40 knots and we put the second reef in the mainsail and reefed in the jib. Also started the iron genny so we could maintain speed. Some where around 1:00PM the winds had dropped back to 15 knots and I considered raising the main again. At around 1:15 PM the Coast Guard announce the National Weather service had issued a severe thunderstorm alert. The report was kind of nebulous. It indicated a line of severe T-storms from Harrisburg PA to 35 miles east of Portsmouth NH. I knew my general geography well enough to know we were going to run into the storm. At this point we were around 12-14 NM from home with no optional port a refuge readily available. We did our storm prep with foul weather gear, closing up and the like. At around 1:30 PM I felt a very cold gust of wind and ordered my wife below. The radar showed no indications of rain and the sky above was still blue and obscured sun. Within five minutes the winds had shifted to the NW (about 25 degrees off the port bow) and increased from 14 knots to over 50 knots and still increasing, it was raining and serious thunder all around us and I still couldn't see any lightning. At this point the boat was still heeled at less than 20 degrees when it really started to blow. Hanging on for dear life, and trying to keep an eye on things when I could see, the wind continued to increase. We caught a gust and the boat had a near knockdown. The starboard rubrail was 1 ½ feet under water. The first lifeline was under water and my fenders were threatening to float out of their holders. The portholes on the starboard side of the saloon were under water! I couldn't see the inclinometer, but can anyone out figure the degree of heel at this moment? The boat did what it was supposed to do and developed weather helm, righted and pointed back to the wind, when a second gust did the same thing. The lower spreader was within feet of the water and the rubrail was again under water. I had managed to see the anemometer twice during this time and it indicated 65 knots and 70 knots respectively (remember this is average wind speed). I should mention the boat was on AP the entire time, and the seastate remained at 1-2 feet. Within no more than 15 minutes from the first gust of cold air, the winds started decreasing. Never in my sailing and boating days have I been so happy to see winds at 45-50 knots. (The boat handled very well with the winds back under 50 knots). I know this story takes longer to read than the time that actually elapsed, but we went from 14 knot winds to 70 and back to 20 knots in under 20 minutes. The boat sustained virtually no damage and her crew survived with no harm. I don't ever need to go through an event like this again. An interesting aside, I'd been towing my dingy on a ½ inch three strand bridle attached to both stern cleats and attached to the dink with a 1500 lb WL shackle. The bridle had separated and the bend in the SS shackle had been totally straightened. Needless to say if anyone on Mass Bay finds a gray inflatable with T/T Spellbinder lettered on it please contact me or the Boston Coast Guard. As hindsight is always 20-20 here are the mistakes we made and and are willing to share. 1.I underestimated the weather window. First time and last time. This is probably the single largest reason for cruising boats getting into trouble. 2.I had no formalized "5 minute emergency plan". If I had had unfamiliar guests aboard it could have been disastrous. 3.We lost precious time grabbing foil weather gear, harness and the like. It was all stored in the saloon. At least the harnesses and tethers should have been topside. 4.My cockpit has only 2 tether attachment points behind the wheel. I couldn't have gotten forward in the cockpit to the running rigging even if I had tried. 5.Even with the second reef set in the main and a small jib, we had way too much sail for the winds we experienced. Even if we had had a third reef, I probably couldn't have set it, under those conditions, even if the above weren't true. It's been said on the forum many times, reef early, reef a lot. 6.Always anticipate at least 2 times the worst probable conditions. I didn't even come close to anticipating the conditions we experienced. 7.Take the time, in advance, to make sure any and all guests are indoctrinated to the entire boat. S--- happens very quickly sometimes. I have other items that have moved up significantly in my priority list. These include an EPIRB and a life raft. As always with a boat, when money allows. I know this was a freak of a storm, and I hope to never encounter conditions like this again, but if I do I'll be better prepared. Hope this helps others out there, because it could happen to you. Bryce S/V Spellbinder H410 PS. I kissed the boat after we we're on our mooring. This experience answers any doubts I may have ever had about the seaworthiness of my H410.
 
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steven f.

wow

Makes our last mid-night gale seem like just a breezy evening. Glad it was short lived, 20 minutes of 70 knots must feel like hours of 40 knots. Thanx for your lessons and advise, always good to hear lessons of others.
 
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Will

I've rethought my desire

to go through a "small" storm, just to get the experience. In my 5 years of sailing, I've never even experienced more than a few drops of rain. Your tale reminds me that I shouldn't go looking for trouble since there is no such thing as a predictable storm. Glad you made it back.
 
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Bryce

movie

Bob, I saw it. Visibility was that bad, wind and seas weren't. But then it was a movie so who really knows. Bryce
 
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Jack

White Squals , similar experience (long)

Your "White Squall" story brings back memories of a trip we once took on Lake Michigan when we got caught in a Squall. The situation was similar and my conclusions /suggestions for others are similaar. My wife and I were sailing on the "Sharon J", a Hunter 28.5 and were heading home from Beaver Island on a day that had good winds and 3-5 foot waves straight out of the West. We were about 10 miles out from Manistee when we saw a squall line coming across the lake from the West. Knowing that we probably wouldn't make the safety of the river channel before the squall hit us, we battened down the hatches, donned foul weather gear and safety harnesses. We tied the Genoa down securely on deck and put a double reef in the main. I sent my wife below and we ran for shore. The storm hit with high winds and driving rains that restricted visibility to near zero. The waves built to 8-10 feet almost instantly with the arrival of the storm. The tops of the waves were blowing off before they could break and we were running right on the edge of a broach down the waves at 8-9 knots. I started the engine and put it in reverse at about 1/3 throttle and got the boat slowed down to a more manageable 6-7 knots. The main fury of the storm only lasted for 5 or 6 minutes but it seemed like an eternity. Once the rain let up the wind dropped back to probably 40 knots or so, but the seas didn't go down. We were approaching the channel with breakwaters on both sides and I didn't want to go into the channel under sail so I got my wife up from the cabin and we tried to get the sail down. When we headed into the wind, the sail was snapping and cracking in the wind so bad that we couldn't get a hold of it to pull it down. After trying for a couple of minutes we gave up. I tightened the halyard and preventer on the boom and headed for the channel running straight downwind. As you know, when you get just inside of a narrow channel with high seas you get some real confused wave action. Just when I was about to start to relax a little a couple of waves merged right under us and picked the boat up stern first. We surfed most of the way down the wave before we broached, turned 90 degrees to starboard and headed straight for the concrete breakwater. The port rail was under water to the point that the water was almost to the cabin windows. We took about 6 inches of water over the side into the cockpit. I nailed the throttle and after what seemed like an eternity the boat slowed and turned back down the channel with 10 feet or so clearance between my boat and the concrete. I honestly thought the boat was going to turn over before it straightened up. Once we got a little ways up the river the wind had been reduced significantly and we headed up and dropped the sail. We ran up the river a ways to the municipal marina and proceeded to start drying our gear out. Just a couple of minutes after we tied up to the dock, a large houseboat of 40 feet or so came in and tied up to the next slip from us. I didn't pay much attention to them as we were busy with our boat, but after about 20 minutes or so his bilge pump was still running a full stream of water and I got to talking with the captain. He had been coming from the South into the waves and the waves coming over the bow had knocked all the picture windows out of the front of his houseboat. He had taken on nearly 2 feet of water when he reached the channel and he told me if he had to go another ¼ mile he wouldn't have made it. The waves built so fast that he was afraid to try turning around to run with the waves for fear of capsizing making the turn. I know of 2 powerboats that went down in that storm but didn't hear of any sailboats being lost. Fortunately, we were prepared for the weather with the boat rigged for rough water. Our safety harnesses and foul weather gear was stored for easy access, the sails were rigged for easy reefing and we had plenty of fuel on board. I hate to think of what would have happened if we had been caught with full sails up. Lessons learned? Very similar to yours. 1. Don't rely on the Coast Guard for weather warnings. We heard the warning for this storm long after we could see it coming. I even called the Coast Guard and asked for more details on the storm and all I got was the standard weather forecast for the area that didn't include any storm warnings. Apparently the broadcast for the storm warnings came from some station other than the one I was able to contact and the person on the other end of the mike hadn't seen the storm warnings. 2. Plan for the worst conditions you can imagine then double them. I would have never imagined that the wind would blow so hard that visibility would be near zero just from the wind blowing the tops of the waves off and I never would have dreamed that I wouldn't be able to get the sail down even after the storm passed. Next time I will drop the sails and rely on the engine when I have to run from a storm in a following sea. 3. Practice your storm preparations often and take action early when a storm is eminent. Keep all your safety gear handy and not stored down in a locker somewhere that it takes you a long time to dig it out. Practice getting it on with the boat rocking from rail to rail so you will be able to do it when you need it. Have safety harnesses adjusted to be worn over foul weather gear and PFD before it is stowed. We saw the storm coming in plenty of time to prepare for it, but if the visibility hadn't been good before the storm hit, it could have caught us by surprise with a lot less time to prepare. 4. Keep a preventer rigged on your boom at all times, even if you seldom use it. Had I not had one, I would probably have had several ugly jibes while running downwind in rough seas. In high wind conditions, an uncontrolled jibe can cost you your whole rigging. 5. Trust your boat. Properly rigged and maintained, it won't let you down when times get rough. 6. If you don't have safety harnesses on your boat and secure anchors for them within easy reach, shame on you. If you sail more than a few miles from your dock, SOONER OR LATER YOU WILL GET CAUGHT IN A STORM! To be prepared is to be safe.
 
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Peter Brennan

Capt. Bligh

"Ordered" your wife below? How does one do that and remain on board? Seriously though, great story. We have not been hit that badly but our standard procedure in chancy weather is engine on and instant readiness to drop all sail and secure it. Sometimes you have to move mighty fast when you see the boats to windward turning over.
 
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Ray Bowles

Small boats, same squalls, read the above!

Bryce, I, and I hope others, have benefited by your posting about this experence. Factual, honest and damn scarry. The best part was the assessment of what you would change. The fact that my boat is much smaller only intensifies the reasons to follow your plans for safety, or survival. My wife and I are looking forward to a blue water boat and the sailing that is possible with such a boat. Your articule helped us understand some of our fears, and your recommended changes and focus areas taught us why. Thanks, Ray and Reba sv Speedy
 
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dave

squalls

a few years ago while anchored in block island's great salt pond we were hit by a sever storm. didn't have an anemometer but it was incredible. just before the storm the air (not the sky the air) turned a greenish color and soon the lightening started hitting all around. our anchor held in the high winds but lots of boats dragged. panic all over the harbor. when I get hit like this I like to have the engine running at idle in gear it takes some strain off the anchor line but extreme caution is needed to not make way and run over the line. In the late 70's I witnessed the tornado that went through windsor locks connecticut. I will never underestimate the force of nature again. entire building gone down to foundations...a brick bank with the vault and all was completely gone. solid oak trees several feet in diameter were twisted right off with torsional failure as though God himself reached down and ripped them off. think what that would do to a boat? airplanes at Bradley airport were flipped upside down and destroyed, with the wheels sticking up in the air they looked like dead birds. nothing could ever prepare you for something like this storm, nothing could survive it. a once in a lifetime experience and a lasting impression. nature is awesome. dave
 
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Bob Knott

Thanks Bryce

Though bryce had written me privately about this trip since we were a day ahead of him and already home by that point. His concise, factual account of the freak 20 minutes serves all of us well. I was out with my wife and two kids for 14 days traveling to the rendezvous and from it home. We never saw a raindrop, or winds over 29 knots but did have our share of severe fog to deal with, and the lessons constantly learned while sailing amaze me. Thanks Bryce for sharing your ordeal! Smooth Sailing Bob Knott H380
 
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Don

and keep your fuel tank relatively full

In a similar but much less threatening situation, I dropped the sails and went under power only. Unfortunately, I had been burning off old fuel from the previous seasion and the tank was relatively low. Big mistake. While I did not run out of fuel, the severe heeling of the boat left the pick-up tube exposed inside the tank. The result was a dead engine from air intake at the time I needed it most. I know try to keep my tank at least 3/4 full at all times.
 
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Dave Mauney

Please Distribute this further

Bryce Thank you so much for sharing this frightening experience. The detail of what happened, how the boat responded and what you would do different is a good lesson to us all. I encourage you to share it with Sail Magazine or any of the sailing magazine that you may have more interest in. The experience, but even more the way you expressed yourself needs wide circulation. Good Winds, Dave
 
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Frank

Thank you...

I'm a new sailor and I've already had a couple of scares from gusts and fast wind changes, but nothing like this.
 
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Tim Schaaf

two more thoughts

I am surprised that one of the lessons learned wasn't to carry the dinghy on board, rather than tow it offshore. A helpful idea from a singlehander: if you have a dockline the length of the boat on either side, when you leave the dock, instead of putting it away, run it to the cleat at the other end of the boat, and you have instant jacklines on either side of the boat. One less thing to prepare when the chips are down.
 
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Rob

Outflow...

Bryce, I'm no meteorologist, but I remember in aviation ground school that when a building thunderstorm reaches it's max, it crashes. Essentially, all the warm surface air gets sucked up into the building thunderstorm. It cools rapidly in the upper atmosphere. Eventually you end upo with a bunch of cold (therefore heavy) air suspended in the upper atmosphere. As you can imagine, the "bubble breaks" as the storm's energy dies, and down comes the cold air. Being directly under it is pretty bad. However, when it hits the surface of the earth, it spreads out (imagine a water drop) at tremendous speed, well ahead of the storm. These gusts can be small and localized, or of a larger variety. The FAA accredits them with causing windshear and bringing down at least one airliner (Dallas, if I recall). Could this have been the case in your story? The initial gust of cold wind followed by the higher winds? Sudden change in wind direction (windshear)?Judging by the location of the storms and your boat position (assuming storms were on an eastward track) this sounds possible to me, but I'd like an expert weather opinion. What do you think? Rob
 
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Bryce

Tom

Guess my thought when writing this were more oriented towards safety lessons learned. I agree about towing the dingy, but thought are always that physical property can be repalced. Re jack lines, make sure there run along the mast near the center of the boat. Having it on the outside edge of the boat isn't much better than attaching a tether to a death line, i.e life line. Your too close to the outside edge of the boat. I'm installing two mini jack lines in the cockpit so I can quickly attach them and at least be able to manuver around the cockpit. Bryce
 
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Bryce

Thanks

thanks for all the positive responses. Public admission of mistakes is never and easy task. Bryce
 
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Rich

Microbursts

The aviation community has also had it's share of experiences with severe thunderstorms. There's a handbook online which describes the microburst phenomenon and has some guideance on identifying them. I include a link to this handbook below. -Rich
 
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Allan Frey

microburst article

Given the interest in microbursts, let me mention that I wrote an article that appeared in the Jan 88 issue of Sail magazine on what happens in a microburst and specifically how to handle it on a sailboat. I don't have it available to post it. If that issue of Sail is available to you, you might find it useful. The title is "What happens in a microburst" and it starts on page 37. Allan
 
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Al Sandrik

Bryce

I am a meteorologist, and I got caught earlier this summer. I'd say 50-60 kt winds, but a fairly similar scenario. It can happen to anyone, with very short notice.
 
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