It's been 4 or 5 years since I replaced my knotmeter transducer, so not 100% sure.
From the transducer in front of the mast, the cable come mostly down the center, accessible through the long panel over the keel.
The part I can't quite remember ( and most likely the info you're looking for) is how it came up from below to above the aft bunk at the bottom of the binnacle. I don't remember it being difficult, that's maybe why I'm uncertain of the exact routing.
On my 310, the hardest part was getting the new wire up through the tubing of the binnacle, very tight fit. I had to cut the connectors off the wires and re-terminate them after the wire was in.
It wasn't too bad overall, it took most of a morning to do the whole thing, losing maybe an hour to having to go purchase the small terminals.
I have talked to a couple people that didn't bother, they cut into the cable near the transducer and spliced in the new transducer. I'm sure that is doable, but the new connections would need to be well waterproofed in the bilge.