radio antenna tuning?

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Nov 23, 2011
87
Hunter H31 Kent Island Yacht Club
I was talking with a sales rep and discussing VHF radios. I have an old radio and want to upgrade to a newer model. I asked if antenna's needed to
be tuned (like CB radio antennas had an adjustment for optimal send).
The conversation led to the idea that with the newest generation of
VHF radios - the antennas does not need to be tuned.

My question is - Is a mast mounted antenna plug and play or should the antenna be tuned? If it is tunable how is it done?


Thanks
Mark
 
Sep 25, 2008
7,337
Alden 50 Sarasota, Florida
Find another adviser! Antenna resonance is a function of frequency; not the radio. Assuming your old radio worked on the the typical VHF frequencies, nothing has changed unless the new radio also works on AIS. In any case, the old antenna will work as well as it used to. The only suggestion I'd make is replace the coax will new low loss cable to optimize performance. Even a 1 dB loss in old coax equates to a 20% reduction in power output and old coax and it connections don't generally last forever.
 

MrUnix

.
Mar 24, 2010
626
Hunter 23 Gainesville, FL
The conversation led to the idea that with the newest generation of VHF radios - the antennas does not need to be tuned.

My question is - Is a mast mounted antenna plug and play or should the antenna be tuned? If it is tunable how is it done?
All transmitting radios need to have an antenna that is reasonably tuned, so your sales rep doesn't have a clue in that respect. But if all you are doing is replacing the radio and using an already functional antenna, you should not need to re-tune it again.

As for tuning an antenna, what you are looking to do is match the apparent electrical length of the antenna with the length of the free-standing radio wave. Think of the radio wave as an alternating sine wave.. ideally, you want the antenna to be exactly as long as the length of a single cycle of that sine wave. To do this, you simply shorten or lengthen the antenna to match. An SWR (standing wave ratio) meter that can handle the intended frequency is needed to do this properly, and the adjustment usually involves loosening a set screw at the antenna base and sliding the antenna 'whip' in or out depending on the reading. You want the lowest SWR you can get, with 1:1 being the target. In reality, anything under 2:1 is more than adequate. I left out some of the more esoteric details, but hopefully you get the idea (and yes, it is just like the old CB antennas).

There are few exceptions. Some antennas are not tunable, such as some of the fixed fiberglass whips. Those however are designed and pre-tuned for the intended frequency from the factory and generally have good (low) SWR readings (2:1 or less). There are also some radios that have built in antenna tuners. Don't think I've seen any on the VHF radios, but they can frequently be found in the higher end HF rigs out there.

So slap your new radio in, you will be fine. :dance:

Cheers,
Brad
 
Jan 22, 2008
423
Catalina 30 Mandeville, La.
What your sales rep probably was referring to was the "newer" rigs will not be damaged by the mismatched antenna. Most of the available antennas are plug and play and even if they have an adjustment, the difference in performance will probably be undetected without test gear. In other words, you are sliding the resonant frequency up or down to some portion or channel in the band. Some people will want it optimized on Ch16, but the noticeable difference to any other channel will be scant. If you are determined to have it 'perfect', you could bring it to a radio shop and have it tuned. It won't be worth what they charge. Or, if you know any amateur radio operators ( ham radio), they should be able to help you and can be paid in beer. No self-respecting ham will turn down free beer to work on radios. If you were in this area, I would check it out for free - It's what I do for fun.

There is another method that might work if it isn't much trouble adjusting the antenna. You need to receive a transmission from a not so near station that isn't moving. Some radios receive wx band. You could tune one of those and adjust the antenna to give you the loudest signal or most deflection on the signal meter if your rig has a meter. The problem here is that wx is around 162 MHz and most of the VHF Marine channels are 156-157MHz. I've done this with HF antennas and had OK results. It would be more difficult on VHF and probably not worth the trouble.

From what I've seen, the most common fault in antenna systems aren't the antennas themselves, but the transmission line and connectors. Replacing that and sealing the exposed connectors could make a huge difference. You don't need expensive coax for runs under 100' long at these frequencies. I like LMR 240. It's small (.240"), and has better performance than the typical RG8X or RG58 that will be sold with most marine vhf antennas. It costs around $0.79 per foot which could add up. There is no such thing as weatherproof or waterproof rf connectors. all should be sealed with something a little more durable than electrical tape alone. Liquid tape works ok, but is messy. Butyl tape is still the industry standard used by the pro's. the method used mostly is to attach the cable to the antenna with a properly installed connector ( crimp or solder isn't important as long as it's done right), wrap with electrical tape, wrap with butyl tape - not a ton of it, just enough to seal. Then wrap the whole mess in more electrical tape. If you replace your connectors, cut the coax back and if it isn't shiny copper, water has penetrated. You can try to cut it further back until you find clean shiny copper, or it's time to replace the cable.
 
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