New Electrical System, 12V/120V or 24V/240V?

Sep 8, 2014
2,551
Catalina 22 Swing Keel San Diego
This is a just a general curiosity question, but maybe a few members have some real world experience with this;
If you were doing a major refit that involved a complete replacement/rebuilding of a vessel's electrical system, or if it was a new construction vessel, and knowing that you would be cruising all over the world would you;
a) make your system 24V DC & 240V AC and incorporate the appropriate adapters/accessories to use 120V shore power when needed, or
b) make the system 12V DC & 120V AC anyway, using correct adapters/accessories for shore power that will be 240V AC in many of the places you will be cruising. A factor in this, I am guessing, is that if you are doing the work in the U.S., the majority of the components available are for 12V/120V systems. I have noticed that, from many sources, when buying low-voltage components they are usually available in 24V DC versions, but sometimes this comes at a higher premium.

My general thoughts, because I am no electrical guru, is that going with the standard that most of the rest of the world uses would be smarter. You'd only need to adapt your shore power connection for North American ports (there a few others in South America and the middle east that also use 120V AC) which may be less of the time. I think the biggest bonus is the availability of parts and supplies globally for 24V DC 240V AC will be far easier while cruising despite the possibility of a slightly higher cost upfront to install.

Thoughts? Experiences?
 
Jan 11, 2014
12,761
Sabre 362 113 Fair Haven, NY
Interesting question.

Another key factor is wire sizing for the different voltage levels, the 24v/240v systems can use smaller diameter wires because the higher voltage carries less amperage. There is a cost and weight savings in the wiring.

Many modern electronics are agnostic to voltage. The power supply for my Mac Book, iPhone, and iPad will run off either 120v or 240v seamlessly. My wife's hair dryer will run off 120v or 240v provided you flip the right switch (another lesson learned the hard way :().

In most cases, I don't think the 50/60 hz difference makes much of a difference. It certainly makes no difference in resistance devices, like hair dryers. It may make a small difference in devices that rely on the frequency to operate correctly, some clocks and electric motors may be affected.

But to answer your question, I don't know. Haven't really thought about it.
 
Jun 6, 2006
6,990
currently boatless wishing Harrington Harbor North, MD
I think CloudDiver nailed it. having the right adapters (plug to plug) and using products that have 120/240 switches drives your decision. The locations you intend to sail will, of course, drive the choice also.
 

capta

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Jun 4, 2009
4,907
Pearson 530 Admiralty Bay, Bequia SVG
24 volt dc equipment is significantly more expensive than 12 volt, and it doesn't have a significantly longer lifespan, if any.
If you are going cruising and intend to stay in marinas most of the time, then perhaps 240 (though I believe the majority of the world is actually 208) volts ac might be a good idea.
If you were to do the conversion in the US it would be a lot more expensive to buy appliances and tools, and vice versa in Europe. It would also depend on where you decided to sell the boat, I think.
If you wired her for v240, then if a buyer wanted to covert to v110, it would be a problem.