Y-valve could be the culprit...
If you think you're going overboard, but the handle is somehow reversed and the seacock is closed, Nothing will move. If that's not the problem, are you feeling any resistance--back pressure--when you pump the head? 'Cuz that would mean either a blockage in the line or--if you're trying to pump into the tank--that the tank vent may be blocked. Now that we've established that you DO know the difference between the dry/flush lever and a y-valve (hey...you'd be amazed at some of the things I hear!), are you absolutely certain that it IS a y-valve and not the flush water intake--or the discharge--thru-hull's seacock? Wouldn't be that hard a mistake to make...and your comment that there's a metal rod sticking up that looks like a handle should go onto it is raising all kinds of questions in my mind about what it really is...'cuz no y-valve I've ever seen has anything like that...just a hub and/or a nut for the handle. And not all of 'em even have removable handles. Please don't think I think you're a total doofus...but without being able to see your installation, I'm flying kinda blind...even trying to diagnose your problem psychically

... We can figure it out, but it just may take a little doing.