Epoxy questions

Jun 25, 2004
479
Hunter 306 Pasadena MD
I have 3 different projects which will require epoxy, and I'd like to save money by just buying one can. Is this doable?
Project #1: there's a leak in my anchor locker where the molded deck (unused windless platform) ends and the anchor locker liner hits it:
locker_1.jpeg locker_2.jpeg
I think the main leak is where it's all gooped up, first picture (yes: it came this way from the factory in 2004). I'd like to lay some layers of glass cloth and epoxy on top of this, after cleaning up the goop, and maybe(?) putting some 4200 on it.

Project #2: I have some veneered plywood to replace a couple of rotted partitions in the aft cabin, and I'd like to seal at least the edges with epoxy before finishing them with Minwood urethane spar varnish.

Project #3: in an attempt to chase leaks, I want to remove the companionway hood, drill out the holes where the screws go into the deck, and fill the holes with epoxy before re-drilling for the screws.

Can I use the same epoxy for all 3? Maybe I'll need some thickener for project #3 and some thinner for #2? My experience with fiberglassing is minimal. I'd like to use West System.

Thanks,
Jay
 
May 17, 2004
5,431
Beneteau Oceanis 37 Havre de Grace
1 and 3 should be easy enough. Some cabosil to thicken 3 would be good. For 2 you could consider a clear hardener instead of standard, but even then the resin can probably be the same. Shelf life of epoxy is not an issue so if you have a long time between projects or don’t use it all now it’s ok.
 

jssailem

SBO Weather and Forecasting Forum Jim & John
Oct 22, 2014
22,197
CAL 35 Cruiser #21 moored EVERETT WA
Hi Jay.
While it may be possible to use a QT container, it is hard to identify till you identify clearly how much is needed for each of the projects.

Project 1: I suspect you are guessing that the gobs of 4200/5200 is not doing the job. The question is hidden by all that stuff. You need to remove all the goop and get down to clean solid surface. Then you can identify if you will need Fiberglass and Resin, or just some fresh Goop. Do you need to add strength to the area (fiberglass) or just fill cracks and smooth the surface (perhaps fairing compound and thickened epoxy) will do the job. 2-6oz of epoxy might solve that problem. Or maybe not if extensive.

Project 2: Sealing plywood edges, have always been several applications of thin epoxy. The process has always been messy as the epoxy wants to run off the edges. It runs down the project. Is this going to be sitting down into water or up in the air near the ceiling of the cabin? It might be adequate to apply varnish on the edges if not sitting in water. Are you sure you have solved the source of the that messed up the bulk head requiring you to replace the rotted wood?

Project 3: How many screws are you filling? I would figure about 0.5oz per hole. Adding "kitty hair or Cabisol filler" to the epoxy will stretch the quantity. Big holes are more of a problem than small holes.

Those are my SWAG's.
 
Mar 27, 2021
170
Hunter 306 Lake Pepin
To follow on to John's excellent "SWAG's" (?), Project 1 is the real mystery item. I've got the same boat with the same poorly designed/built anchor locker but the condition of mine is much worse. It's completely rotted through and I can easily push a screwdriver through the bulkhead from the v-berth backside into the locker. I'm going to have to tear it all out and rebuild it. I'm not suggesting you will need to do that, but I would guess that there are unseen areas of yours that are at least on their way to total collapse like mine which may need further investigation. In your second photo, the discolored cracks and voids just under the windlass platform especially just above the fiberglass cloth border are prime targets. In my locker, the rot line runs the entire width of the bulkhead and appears directly related to that fiberglass cloth border. Yours doesn't look nearly as bad, so a superficial patch job might not call for too much epoxy, but obviously if you have to start replacing sections of bulkhead (like I will :() it may call for a bit more fiberglass/epoxy.

I ordered the 5:1 epoxy quart kit from TotalBoat along with fumed silica thickener and 1708 cloth to rebuild the bottom of my rudder earlier this spring. I think this is essentially comparable to the West System 105/206/406 combo. I don't see any reason you couldn't use that for each of your projects.

Please keep us updated since each of your projects are in my not-too-distant future.
 
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ShawnL

.
Jul 29, 2020
134
Catalina 22 3603 Calumet Mi
I'll second the fact that epoxy has an amazingly long shelf life until mixed. I buy the west systems or the total boat from Jamestown Distributors (shameless plug, but they really are great to work with). I still have some of the gallon of 5:1 I purchased to do a partial re-build on some wooden kayaks and fill some holes on my sailboat several years later. In fact, just used some today to repair a door, and it worked pretty much like it did when I first opened it.

Buy more then you think you'll need and save the extra. You'll use it somewhere.
 

duck21

.
Jul 17, 2020
171
Hunter 376 0 Washburn, WI on Lake Superior
Hi!

The timing on this is good--after a weekend of the center cabin lights leaking on my Hunter 376 I decided to tackle the "fill/re-drill the deck panel mounting holes" project (your #3).

I used West Systems 105 epoxy and 205 fast hardner and then used 407 filler to try and thicken things up a bit.

The project is going medium well (as far as boat projects go). When drilling out the holes I found that the screw holes themselves are just an approx 1/4" fiberglass with wood between then a void below. I was expecting the screws to be drilled into some form of wood channel. The challenge here is going to be that when I injected the epoxy mix into the hole it kind of "spread" in the void. I had to use a good bit of epoxy for each hole to build a pile of epoxy to get things up to the level of the hole. I'm now waiting for it to harden, so tomorrow I'll have to drill the new screw holes. I'm really hoping that it's a deep enough pile that I don't drill all the way through (which would negate the whole purpose of this project).

I'll let folks know what I find tomorrow!
 
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Jun 25, 2004
479
Hunter 306 Pasadena MD
1 and 3 should be easy enough. Some cabosil to thicken 3 would be good. For 2 you could consider a clear hardener instead of standard, but even then the resin can probably be the same. Shelf life of epoxy is not an issue so if you have a long time between projects or don’t use it all now it’s ok.
Ok, thanks David: good to know about the shelf life. I'm kind of looking for a recommendation on what exact product to buy, too.

Hi Jay.
While it may be possible to use a QT container, it is hard to identify till you identify clearly how much is needed for each of the projects.

Project 1: I suspect you are guessing that the gobs of 4200/5200 is not doing the job. The question is hidden by all that stuff. You need to remove all the goop and get down to clean solid surface. Then you can identify if you will need Fiberglass and Resin, or just some fresh Goop. Do you need to add strength to the area (fiberglass) or just fill cracks and smooth the surface (perhaps fairing compound and thickened epoxy) will do the job. 2-6oz of epoxy might solve that problem. Or maybe not if extensive.

Project 2: Sealing plywood edges, have always been several applications of thin epoxy. The process has always been messy as the epoxy wants to run off the edges. It runs down the project. Is this going to be sitting down into water or up in the air near the ceiling of the cabin? It might be adequate to apply varnish on the edges if not sitting in water. Are you sure you have solved the source of the that messed up the bulk head requiring you to replace the rotted wood?

Project 3: How many screws are you filling? I would figure about 0.5oz per hole. Adding "kitty hair or Cabisol filler" to the epoxy will stretch the quantity. Big holes are more of a problem than small holes.

Those are my SWAG's.
John,

P1: I definitely intend to clean out / remove the old 4200/whatever-it-is, sand, and clean first. My thought was to use glass cloth and resin to make a bridge between the molded deck on top, and the sloped anchor locker surface on the bottom, maybe having put some 4200 in the crack first. The bottom sloped thing is a piece of plywood that they've tabbed in to a vertical piece of plywood that comes up behind the vertical molded deck. So the vertical deck bit touches the joint between 2 pieces of plywood, which are held together with a fiberglass joint. This joint is where all the water is dumped, and it's leaking there, I think. Or it was when the boat was tilted bow-up on jack stands over the winter. It's fine now. My plan was to do some layers of fiberglass over the whole joint to bond the hull to the anchor locker liner, and maybe continue this down 8"-12". I just really want it to never leak again. I'm sure the plywood is a bit compromised, but it's far from being totally rotted, so it still has some strength.

P2: this is just a pair of triangular bulkheads (teak-faced plywood) that go on either side of a central rectangular panel. The whole thing is what separates the aft cabin from the waste and fuel tanks in the stern. While I'd like to think the bottom edge of the plywood won't sit in water, I'm a realist. I fully intend to find and fix the leak that caused these panels to take up water on the bottom edge and rot. I also believe that nothing is perfect, and there's likely to be water there some time. So I don't want the new, expensive 1/4 sheet of plywood to rot immediately. It should rot slowly, and hold out until I die of natural causes at age 100.

P3: We're talking maybe 8 screws. No more.

To follow on to John's excellent "SWAG's" (?), Project 1 is the real mystery item. I've got the same boat with the same poorly designed/built anchor locker but the condition of mine is much worse. It's completely rotted through and I can easily push a screwdriver through the bulkhead from the v-berth backside into the locker. I'm going to have to tear it all out and rebuild it. I'm not suggesting you will need to do that, but I would guess that there are unseen areas of yours that are at least on their way to total collapse like mine which may need further investigation. In your second photo, the discolored cracks and voids just under the windlass platform especially just above the fiberglass cloth border are prime targets. In my locker, the rot line runs the entire width of the bulkhead and appears directly related to that fiberglass cloth border. Yours doesn't look nearly as bad, so a superficial patch job might not call for too much epoxy, but obviously if you have to start replacing sections of bulkhead (like I will :() it may call for a bit more fiberglass/epoxy.

I ordered the 5:1 epoxy quart kit from TotalBoat along with fumed silica thickener and 1708 cloth to rebuild the bottom of my rudder earlier this spring. I think this is essentially comparable to the West System 105/206/406 combo. I don't see any reason you couldn't use that for each of your projects.

Please keep us updated since each of your projects are in my not-too-distant future.
JD: yes, I remember your posts from another thread I started about my anchor locker leak. Sorry I didn't reply to them: around that time, I had to get in high gear to get all the @#$% done to launch my boat in mid-May. I had pulled the rub-rail off, and it had to go back on before launch.

My feeling is that all the evidence is pointing to my leak only being from last November until launch in mid-May. Somehow, the extreme bow-up angle they had the boat at on land caused water to run where it hadn't previously. And since launching, I've seen no water in the fore-peak, just forward of the water tank, where I had been getting a gallon in a heavy rain. So as you say, I don't think my rot runs nearly as deep as yours does. (you had a hole, as I recall?) So this is why I think maybe some layers of fiberglass on top of the mainly-intact plywood will give my anchor locker some decent strength. Maybe with yours, you could still use what's left of the floor as a mold to lay a good, strong layer of glass in there, wrapped around to anchor against the hull? As I said, I know nothing about fiberglass...

I'll certainly keep you updated, although all of these projects (except for P2, the plywood bulkheads) are sort of non-time-critical now that nothing is leaking. So it might be a couple of months.

I'll second the fact that epoxy has an amazingly long shelf life until mixed. I buy the west systems or the total boat from Jamestown Distributors (shameless plug, but they really are great to work with). I still have some of the gallon of 5:1 I purchased to do a partial re-build on some wooden kayaks and fill some holes on my sailboat several years later. In fact, just used some today to repair a door, and it worked pretty much like it did when I first opened it.

Buy more then you think you'll need and save the extra. You'll use it somewhere.
Good to know. Do you use the mini-pumps for measuring? What's 5:1?

Hi!

The timing on this is good--after a weekend of the center cabin lights leaking on my Hunter 376 I decided to tackle the "fill/re-drill the deck panel mounting holes" project (your #3).

I used West Systems 105 epoxy and 205 fast hardner and then used 407 filler to try and thicken things up a bit.

The project is going medium well (as far as boat projects go). When drilling out the holes I found that the screw holes themselves are just an approx 1/4" fiberglass with wood between then a void below. I was expecting the screws to be drilled into some form of wood channel. The challenge here is going to be that when I injected the epoxy mix into the hole it kind of "spread" in the void. I had to use a good bit of epoxy for each hole to build a pile of epoxy to get things up to the level of the hole. I'm now waiting for it to harden, so tomorrow I'll have to drill the new screw holes. I'm really hoping that it's a deep enough pile that I don't drill all the way through (which would negate the whole purpose of this project).

I'll let folks know what I find tomorrow!
What I thought I understood was that in a cored deck, you'd have a fiberglass, wood, fiberglass sandwich. So when you drill out the rotted wood, you want to leave the lower fiberglass layer intact, right? But I guess you're saying the original screws penetrated the lower fiberglass layer, hence causing not only rotting core, but a leak into the interior? So when you fill with epoxy, it's dripping down into the void, presumably on top of your headliner, I guess? I'd like to hear how it goes.
 

duck21

.
Jul 17, 2020
171
Hunter 376 0 Washburn, WI on Lake Superior
You are correct in your assessment--the original screws went through both top and bottom layers of fiberglass which predicated the interior leak.

I assumed that the "sandwich" would be an inch or two thick where these screws were put in, but the whole set up is only a 1/4" (at most). The original install had 1.5" -2" screws, which most definitely penetrated all the layers of fiberglass.

In addition to the epoxy I purchased 1.25" screws--I'm going to try those first to see if I can keep the screw ends within the epoxy pile...
 
Jan 11, 2014
12,246
Sabre 362 113 Fair Haven, NY
So far good advice.

West System has a free manual that you can download, if you don’t have, get it it will answer most of your questions.

Laying up glass will use a lot of epoxy. Having too much is better than too little.

Epoxy is not like paint where the solvent evaporates. The two parts of the epoxy, the resin and hardener chemically combine. (This different from the way polyester resin cures.). Solvent will interfere with the curing process.

To thin epoxy place the resin and hardener cans in a warm water bath around 85* And use the slow hardener. This will make i thinner. It will also speed the curing process.

To improve absorption into end grain warm the wood. This will drive any moisture out and as the wood cools it will suck the epoxy in.
 
Jan 11, 2014
12,246
Sabre 362 113 Fair Haven, NY
The project is going medium well (as far as boat projects go). When drilling out the holes I found that the screw holes themselves are just an approx 1/4" fiberglass with wood between then a void below. I was expecting the screws to be drilled into some form of wood channel. The challenge here is going to be that when I injected the epoxy mix into the hole it kind of "spread" in the void. I had to use a good bit of epoxy for each hole to build a pile of epoxy to get things up to the level of the hole. I'm now waiting for it to harden, so tomorrow I'll have to drill the new screw holes. I'm really hoping that it's a deep enough pile that I don't drill all the way through (which would negate the whole purpose of this project).
A small wad of paper towel stuffed down into the hole will prevent the epoxy from leaking out.

After trying the syringe method and making a huge mess several times I switched to West SixTen thickened epoxy in a tube. Place it in a caulk gun and squeeze. Neat and no mess. A more expensive solution, but well worth it.
 
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jssailem

SBO Weather and Forecasting Forum Jim & John
Oct 22, 2014
22,197
CAL 35 Cruiser #21 moored EVERETT WA
maybe having put some 4200 in the crack first.
I would not. If you feel it needs something use Kittyhair filler then fillet the joint. It is a long glass strand epoxy based filler. https://www.jamestowndistributors.com/product/product-detail/7891

intend to find and fix the leak that caused these panels to take up water on the bottom edge and rot.
Good on you. :beer::)

It should rot slowly, and hold out until I die of natural causes at age 100.
I like your thinking.
I switched to West SixTen thickened epoxy in a tube.
:plus: Only I like the JD Thixo product. Works the same way. You can get it in different mixes to do different tasks.
 
Jun 25, 2004
479
Hunter 306 Pasadena MD
So far good advice.

West System has a free manual that you can download, if you don’t have, get it it will answer most of your questions.

Laying up glass will use a lot of epoxy. Having too much is better than too little.

Epoxy is not like paint where the solvent evaporates. The two parts of the epoxy, the resin and hardener chemically combine. (This different from the way polyester resin cures.). Solvent will interfere with the curing process.

To thin epoxy place the resin and hardener cans in a warm water bath around 85* And use the slow hardener. This will make i thinner. It will also speed the curing process.

To improve absorption into end grain warm the wood. This will drive any moisture out and as the wood cools it will suck the epoxy in.
Thanks, Dave. I ended up buying a gallon of 105 and the corresponding size of 206 slow hardener, plus some mini-pumps. To learn about working with it, I decided to do a very non-critical, small project: some dock steps (plastic) which needed a plywood back and base. So today, I sealed the edges of the plywood, which is going to have a very hard life, with standing water no doubt.

The weather here is 75 degrees and dry (i.e., wonderful), so I was pretty surprised that the epoxy didn't set up until almost 4 hours, where I'll define "set up" as: doesn't stick to my finger or take a fingerprint easily. I'm wondering if I should go back and get some fast hardener. I bought both cloth and mat for the anchor locker project, and I don't know if I should be doing a new layer of glass and resin while the last layer is still really soft.
 

ShawnL

.
Jul 29, 2020
134
Catalina 22 3603 Calumet Mi
You can do what's called hot-coating -- while the epoxy is still tacky, you can apply another coat. If it fully cures, you may have to scrub off the amine blush (oily residue that's by-product of the epoxy) before the next coat will stick well.
 
Jan 11, 2014
12,246
Sabre 362 113 Fair Haven, NY
Thanks, Dave. I ended up buying a gallon of 105 and the corresponding size of 206 slow hardener, plus some mini-pumps. To learn about working with it, I decided to do a very non-critical, small project: some dock steps (plastic) which needed a plywood back and base. So today, I sealed the edges of the plywood, which is going to have a very hard life, with standing water no doubt.

The weather here is 75 degrees and dry (i.e., wonderful), so I was pretty surprised that the epoxy didn't set up until almost 4 hours, where I'll define "set up" as: doesn't stick to my finger or take a fingerprint easily. I'm wondering if I should go back and get some fast hardener. I bought both cloth and mat for the anchor locker project, and I don't know if I should be doing a new layer of glass and resin while the last layer is still really soft.
Polyester and Vinylester resins are very different from epoxy. With the esters if you add more catalyst the resin sets up faster. The catalyst causes the reaction to happen but is not part of the reaction that makes resin hard.

Epoxy does not use a catalyst. The hardener and the resin chemically combine to make the solid epoxy. Adding more hardener will not make the epoxy set up faster, it will just leave you with a gooey mess that is a pain to clean up. Follow the manufacturer's exact measurements when mixing the hardener and resin. For the same reason, do not add thinners unless the manufacturer says it is OK and then only use the product that is recommended. Adding thinners can inhibit the chemical reaction or the thinners may not evaporate before the epoxy sets up leaving the thinners encapsulated in the epoxy. Not good.

The ester sisters, Poly and Vinyl, set up more quickly than epoxy. This is one of the reasons boatbuilders like them, it is faster and cheaper to build boats with the esters. While the esters with set up in an hour or two, epoxies typically take overnight to set hard and several days to fully cure. This is a pretty good feature.

Resins stick to stuff in one of two ways, they either form a chemical bond or a mechanical or secondary bond. In a chemical bond the molecules between join together and form a cohesive solid. Once a resin is fully cured it can not form a chemical bond. The other bond is a mechanical bond which is a weaker bond than a chemical bond. Epoxy and ester resins are about equal in their ability to form chemical bonds within the bounds of the individual properties the different resins. Epoxy is far superior in forming mechanical bonds, which is why we use epoxy glues and not polyester glues.

Once a resin has cured it must sanded before adding another layer of resin in order to ensure a good secondary bond. Epoxy has an additional requirement of cleaning the amine blush that forms. This is a water soluble byproduct of the curing process, some warm water and a Scotchbrite pad make quick work of this, clean first then sand.

What's all this have to do with laying glass or repairing stuff? A lot.

Regardless of the resin, when laying up multiple layers of cloth it is best to lay them up before the resin has fully cured, this provides for chemical bonding of the resin and makes for a stronger repair. Since ester resins cure quickly, you have less time to lay up the glass than you do with epoxy. With epoxy so long as it can be indented with a thumb nail the next layer of epoxy will chemically bond. This gives you more time, important in some applications where having lots of resin might cause runs or overheating. It also means you can take a lunch break and not worry about rushing back to the project.

Because you were new to fiberglass work I suggested using slow hardener to give you more working time. Once the epoxy starts to gel it can not be easily spread or worked, this will be important when it is time to fair the rudder.

This has been a long answer to your questions, however, the more you understand the materials you are working with the better craftsman you will be.