On my boat....
On our '80 Hunter 27, the galley sink drains straight down via a 1.5 inch hose to a ball valve (originally was a gate valve) and through-hull. A few inches away is the water-inlet through-hull and ball valve for the engine water intake; the hose leading to the engine is about 3/4-inch diameter. Both of these ball valves are accessed by removing the two drawers below the sink. Beneath the starboard berth in the main cabin are two more through-hulls; one, about 1.5-inch diameter, is the waste from the head. The smaller one is the water intake for the head, about 5/8-inch diameter. These are close to the bulkhead between the main cabin and the head. When we purchased our boat there was no waste holding tank; we added one beneath the V-berth and capped off the waste through-hull. The head intake has a ball valve on it.The head sink drains to a through-hull above the waterline on the port side. The bilge pumps drain to through-hulls above the waterline on the port side.The ice box drains to the bilge via a 1/2-inch diameter white corrugated hose. I used a cork to plug this drain in the ice box, and use a hand bilge pump to pump ice water into the sink drain.The engine exhaust is via a 4-inch diameter hose that vents at the waterline on the starboard side near the stern. No valve on this one.If your boat still has the original gate valves these should be replaced for safety with ball valves. With a ball valve, you can tell just by looking whether it is open or closed. You can also get more leverage to open or close the valve. And they tend not to seize up like the gate valves can.If we are away from the boat, all of the through-hull valves are closed to avoid a sinking if one of the hoses springs a leak.Jon Zaimes"Airwaves" sailing out of Cambridge, MD.