No...to both questions
Any toilet that's working anywhere near factory spec efficiency can move bowl contents up to 6' in the dry mode, and so can easily move bowl contents all the way over the top of a vent loop in the dry mode too.As for clog potential, whether there's a vented loop in the discharge line or not, the head discharge line won't ever clog (unless somebody flushes something they shouldn't) if you rinse it out with clean fresh water, followed by a cupful of white vinegar--also flushed all the way through the line--before the boat will sit. But if you stop pumping as soon as the bowl is empty, whatever was in the bowl isn't gonna move any further till the next time the toilet is flushed...and if that means whatever was in the bowl is left between the toilet and the top of the loop, it has to flow back downhill to the toilet. Enough solids and/or TP that never makes it over the loop--especially if it sits in the line while the boat sits--then yes, a clog CAN develop. But it would anyway unless the discharge line runs downhill, which isn't likely on a sailboat.