Hmmmm
First, I'd buy a book that tells you how to do specific tests for the DC charging circuit, like Nigel Calder's book: "Boat Owners Mechanical and Electrical Manual." The $30 you pay for the book could save you hundreds in new equipment. It contains step by step tests you do to specifically isolate the source of your problems (plus has tons of other useful stuff to know about your boat). Other books will have this info as well.Steve is right (as usual), a charging alternator should be putting out about 13.5 volts. If your alternator isn't putting it out, you may be testing it improperly or perhaps your (new) alternator is shot. Would think that is unlikely -- unless you are doing something to burn it up, like turning the battery selector switch off (or its shorting to a broken circuit) which will blow an alternator if the alternator output is wired to the selector switch.The other source of your problem may be that your current batteries are shot and just can't take a charge. A 12.0v reading is just about a dead battery. (Charged is 12.6+). If your batts are reading 12.0v after they have been charged with a working charger your batts are probably dead. Have you tested them with a specific gravity tester? Don't know what type of batts you have, but it sounds like you've drained them a few times, and if you completely drain batteries repeatedly, even heavy duty "recycleable" batteries (but especially auto type starting batteries) you will kill them. A typical auto or "starting" battery can only be fully drained maybe a dozen times (depending on the quality of the battery) before it is killed.Good luck.nh