When your GPS fails, how do you navigate?

Jul 27, 2011
5,134
Bavaria 38E Alamitos Bay
If, for example, you're on a 140 n.mi. overnight trip along the coast between 3 and 10 n.mi. offshore in high visibility, and both GPS fail either to a common, or respective idiosyncratic, problem, how do you maintain your course to destination? What takes over at that point? I'm curious!! Assume you're no more than half way there when the failures occur.
 
Feb 26, 2004
22,984
Catalina 34 224 Maple Bay, BC, Canada
The paper charts, and since you said "in high visibility" then fixes on land should be adequate.
 
Nov 8, 2010
11,386
Beneteau First 36.7 & 260 Minneapolis MN & Bayfield WI
Assuming your are not keeping fixes on paper and cannot figure a EP via RD....

Hopefully you have some sense of situation awareness. Your compass works. You can know the general direction to land. Steer that way, and get out the binocs. Even better if they are bearing binoculars. Start scanning for landmarks and/or ATONs that are on the chart. You can then triangulate on then with reverse bearings. Plot that fix. Now its just sights and fixes; pure old school.

Its just doing some of the sailor stuff.

BTW, this is PILOTING. Navigation is point to point out of sight of land. Piloting is maneuvering in sight of land, and all its attendant hazards.
 
Jun 21, 2004
2,768
Beneteau 343 Slidell, LA
Not a problem.
If the GPS/Chartplotter fails, Turn on the I pad and continue, using INAVX. If the battery on the I pad becomes exhausted, turn on the I phone & continue using INAVX. If the I phone fails, turn on the Garmin handheld gps and continue. If the Garmin Gps fails, continue piloting with dead reckoning as I always do hourly position plots on a paper chart for backup & overall visualization. Obtain lines of position / fixes as possible. Talk about redundancy!!!
 
Jul 27, 2011
5,134
Bavaria 38E Alamitos Bay
BTW, this is PILOTING. Navigation is point to point out of sight of land. Piloting is maneuvering in sight of land, and all its attendant hazards.
OK, point taken. But at 10 n.mi. the shore would be basically 3x below the horizon, and at some point you'd be out there during the night.

KG
 

pateco

.
Aug 12, 2014
2,207
Hunter 31 (1983) Pompano Beach FL
Dead reckoning using paper chart, tide and current table, compass, binoculars, sextant.

A pair of binoculars with built in compass is real helpful.

Some buddies of mine had a lightning strike 1/2 way through the Newport Bermuda race back in 1985. Lost all of their on board electronics. ended up verifying their dead reckoning, and finding Bermuda by using the AM Radio in a Sony Walkman as an RDF (radio direction finder).
 
Jun 11, 2004
1,733
Oday 31 Redondo Beach
Assuming your are not keeping fixes on paper and cannot figure a EP via RD....

Hopefully you have some sense of situation awareness. Your compass works. You can know the general direction to land. Steer that way, and get out the binocs. Even better if they are bearing binoculars. Start scanning for landmarks and/or ATONs that are on the chart. You can then triangulate on then with reverse bearings. Plot that fix. Now its just sights and fixes; pure old school.

Its just doing some of the sailor stuff.
There's your answer. The key is to maintain some situational awareness so you at least have some sense of where you are at all times and carry on from there after the GPS failure. If you don't know how to do that some studying might be appropriate.

If shore is that far away you probably won't run into it unaware and if it is night you should be able to pick up some lights if you get close.
 

YVRguy

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Jan 10, 2013
479
Hunter 34 Vancouver, BC
GPS Fail

Even though we have several GPS devices on board, when we are offshore we keep a running note of our position using sticky notes and paper charts. I would continue on using the ships compass, speed through the water (seeing as GPS is dead) and stay offshore until it was light enough to make landfall or take a fix.
 
Jul 27, 2011
5,134
Bavaria 38E Alamitos Bay
All very interesting. If here off southern California I think I'd add another technique which assumes that I have a paper chart of the transit area aboard, which I always do. Move inshore (or offshore) and run just outside of the 20 fathom isobath (depth contour) if at night; identify and range on lighted ATONs--i.e., marker buoys, to fix positions. Can use the contour technique in fog, or in otherwise low visibility. In Two Years Before the Mast the skipper piloted the ship into Boston Harbor in dense fog after picking up a depth contour, following it, and identifying the harbor area using samples of bottom sediment brought up with the sounding line (bees wax on the lead).
 
May 4, 2005
4,062
Macgregor 26d Ft Lauderdale, Fl
10nm off the east coast you can still find landmarks, even better at night.

I would use my compass to maintain course, and try and identify landmarks. I might come in closer to find a flashing marker, that could be identified by the seconds intervals. since rarely do thy put 4 second greens close to the next 4 sec green..

Depth finder would be good if I still had battery.

-fwiw, we lost the house bank on the ft lauderdale key west race. no depth finder, no gps, no radio. We did have a hand held, chart plotter that was critical to finishing, as there are a number of unlit markers on the approach to the sea bouy. without that, we would have had to stay much deeper.
 

Gunni

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Mar 16, 2010
5,937
Beneteau 411 Oceanis Annapolis
This is how I started sailing. Slow your course, pull out your hand bearing compass, paper charts, and stay offshore until daylight See a nav marker? Get close enough to ID the flash sequence and determine bearing and estimated distance. Fold that card game, you'll be busy tonight. Ah, the old days.
 
Feb 10, 2004
4,096
Hunter 40.5 Warwick, RI
All good answers. If you can't do dead reckoning and keep a DR plot on a paper chart, then you need some schooling. The United States Power Squadrons are here to help. If you live to return to land, get yourself to your local Power Squadron, join, and take some classes.

United States Power Squadrons ®
 
Jul 27, 2011
5,134
Bavaria 38E Alamitos Bay
Is Dead Reckoning really a practiced art?

I've wondered about "Dead Reckoning." The way I've heard it used sometimes amounts to; "Well--I reckon it must be over there!" Seriously, for how many hours of travel, at say 6.5 kt, should one trust a DR plot? If you're updating your position plot every hr w/ GPS (until it fails) you'd have a baseline for drift and set "behind you!" But then the tide reverses during a new moon and you still have, say, 9 hr of travel after dark to destination with another tide reversal in the offing. Where would you really be at the end of those 9 hr lacking a fix on a lighted ATON? Now I realize that big-time ocean sailors can go days to weeks on DR (if they have to) and not be too far off when a fix is finally gotten. But what about when traveling along the coast where tides, currents, and local eddies potentially come more into play? How often does anyone practice with the GPS TURNED OFF? My guess is hardly ever to never b/c the position up date is continuous while the GPS is working--no need for DR plotting until it STOPS working. Whereas in the old school, one had to maintain DR plots between fixes b/c they could be gotten only one or two times a day, maybe, unless passing within sight of charted landmarks, etc.
 
Jun 21, 2004
2,768
Beneteau 343 Slidell, LA
All good answers. If you can't do dead reckoning and keep a DR plot on a paper chart, then you need some schooling. The United States Power Squadrons are here to help. If you live to return to land, get yourself to your local Power Squadron, join, and take some classes.

United States Power Squadrons ®
Rich,
You are absolutely right! Had taken piloting class with the USCG Aux as well as ASA many years ago. Last year I took the US Power Squad. piloting and then advanced piloting courses, just as a refresher. Both were excellent courses. Plan to start navigation course when it becomes available. I have also taken several other courses with the squadron including marine communications, electrical systems, seamanship, cruise planning, etc. All great courses at a nominal cost. Was somewhat reluctant to join because I thought it was mainly power boaters; however, there are more sailors in the organization than power.