Polar Diagrams are usually generated...
...by running a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP). The VPP has algorithms that incorporate hydrodynamic and aerodynamic mathematical models of a sailboat based on the physical input parameters of a particular sailboat. The software program generates results that predict how fast a particular sailboat will perform in varies points of sail. The predicted speed is the Velocity Made Good (VMG) or target speed of the sailboat, it's the theoretical best speed the sailboat can make based on the wind angle and speed. For example, base on a hypothetical polar diagram a sailboat sailing with a wind speed of 10 knots; the best angle to sail upwind is 40 degrees which will give you a VMG or target speed of 6 knots. If that same sailboat fell off to an angle of 35 degrees the boat speed would be 5.6 knots. The Polar diagram determines the optimum sailing VMG or target speed to get the boat into the groove as quickly as possible while racing. If you generate polar diagrams using chart plotting electronics, the polar diagrams are polar diagrams of how well you and your crew can sail your sailboat, and not necessarily the VMG of your sailboat, unless the helmsman and sail trimmers are world class sailors who can react like America's Cup sailors. Polar diagrams are the theoretical benchmarks or goals based on algorithms used in the VPP in which you and your crew shoot for while sailing to get as much speed out of your sailboat while racing. The US Sailing organization generated the first "VPP", which was written at MIT. As stated in a previous post you can buy the results of the VPP computer program from US Sailing, which will be the polar diagram for your sailboat. I don't think that the VPP has the algorithm for a "Water Ballast" sailboat such as the Hunter 240 or 260. The US Sailing organization also has a "Pay-As-You-Play" web site that has a "Watered Down" VPP that will generate a polar diagram based on a very limited amount of input parameters. You have to submit a credit card and I think it costs you $5 to run the calculation and get a result. I haven't tried it, so I don't know whether it's worth it. You can also surf the web for companies with VPPs that will generate a polar diagram for your sailboat or you can buy a VPP software package. The cheapest VPP sells for $50. Unless you are a diehard racer trying to squeeze a tenth of a knot out of your boat, a polar diagram isn't worth it. If you can't make target speed or VMG, then its either the crew can't trim as fast or the helmsman is slow to respond or the bottom is foul or the sails are old or the VPP algorithm doesn't match the physical parameters of your sailboat. If you exceed target speed or VMG, then its either you should be a captain for the America's Cup or your instruments are out of calibration or the VPP algorithm is poor. Fair Winds,Clyde